- Arthur R. von Hippel
Infobox_Scientist
name = Arthur R. von Hippel
image_width =
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birth_date = birth date|1898|11|19|mf=y
birth_place =Rostock , Germany
death_date = death date and age|2003|12|31|1898|11|19|mf=y
death_place =
residence =Germany ,Turkey ,Denmark , U.S.
citizenship = American
nationality = German
ethnicity =
field = Physicist
work_institution =Niels Bohr Institute , MIT
alma_mater =University of Göttingen
doctoral_advisor =James Franck
doctoral_students =
known_for = Codevelopingradar duringWorld War Discovering the ferroelectric andpiezoelectric properties ofbarium titanate
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prizes =President's Certificate of Merit
religion =
footnotes = His uncle,Eugen von Hippel described the ophthalmic hemangiomata that are part ofvon Hippel-Lindau disease , which bears his name. His son,Eric von Hippel , is an MITeconomist .Arthur Robert von Hippel (
November 19 ,1898 –December 31 ,2003 ) [cite news|last = Rose|first = Derek|title = Arthur R. von Hippel|publisher = The Tech|date =January 4 ,2004 |url = http://www-tech.mit.edu/V123/N63/63vonHippel.63n.html|accessdate = 2008-05-10] was aGerman American materials scientist andphysicist . Von Hippel was a pioneer in the study ofdielectrics ,ferromagnetic andferroelectric materials, andsemiconductor s and was a codeveloper ofradar duringWorld War II .Early life
Von Hippel was born in
Rostock ,Mecklenburg-Schwerin , onNovember 19 ,1898 . He graduated inphysics from theUniversity of Göttingen , where he was taught by many eminent figures of mathematics and physics of the time, includingDavid Hilbert ,Richard Courant ,Peter Debye ,Robert Pohl ,Max Born ,Gustav Hertz , andNobel Prize winnerJames Franck (who was his thesis supervisor). Von Hippel received hisPh.D. in physics in 1924, and in 1927 married Franck's daughter, Dagmar.Career and achievements
In 1933, with the ascension of Nazis to power in Germany, von Hippel decided to move to another country, mainly because his wife was Jewish, but due also to his political stance against the new regime. Fortunately in 1934 he was able to secure a position with the University at
Istanbul ,Turkey , then spent a year inDenmark , working at theNiels Bohr Institute inCopenhagen . In 1936, accepting an invitation byKarl Compton , von Hippel moved again, this time to the U.S., and became an assistant professor at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology . In 1940 he founded the Laboratory for Insulation Research, which soon became one of the most important research and education centers in this area in the world.Together with MIT's Radiation Lab, von Hippel and his collaborators helped to develop radar technology during the war. He was awarded the
President's Certificate of Merit in 1948 by U.S. PresidentHarry Truman . He became famous also for his discovery of ferroelectric andpiezoelectric properties ofbarium titanate (BaTiO3).He was the author of the pioneering book "Molecular Science and Molecular Engineering" (1959). The term
molecular engineering was coined by him in the 1950s, and he suggested the feasibility of constructing nanomolecular devices. The premier award of theMaterials Research Society is named in his honor.References
Later life
He died at 105 years of age, in 2003. His son,
Eric von Hippel , is an MITeconomist . His uncle,Eugen von Hippel , described the ophthalmic hemangiomata that are part ofvon Hippel-Lindau disease , which bears his name.External links
* [http://vonhippel.mrs.org/ Arthur von Hippel Memorial Web Site]
Persondata
NAME= Von Hippel, Arthur R.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Hippel, Arthur R. von
SHORT DESCRIPTION= German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH=November 19 ,1898
PLACE OF BIRTH=Rostock , Germany
DATE OF DEATH=December 31 ,2003
PLACE OF DEATH=
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