Grigory Potanin

:"This article is about Grigory Potanin. For other uses, see Potanin.

Grigory Nikolayaevich Potanin (alt. Grigorij Potanin)(Russian: Григорий Николаевич Потанин; 4 October 1835 - 6 June 1920) was a Russian explorer of Inner Asia who aligned himself with the Siberian separatist movement. The 9915 Potanin asteroid bears his name.

Life

Early life

Potanin attended a Page Corps in Omsk, a military school for children from wealthy families.cite web | url = http://irbis.asu.ru/docs/altai/art/gurkin/english/vues/potanin.html | title = The Drawings. The Great Siberians -- Potanin ]

Potanin initially travelled to Siberia while serving with a Cossack division in Altaj in the 1850s. He returned to Saint Petersburg in 1858 to study Mathematical Physics. He was arrested for his participation in student demonstrations in 1861, and expelled from Saint Petersburg University. After spending three months in Petropavlovskaya fortress, he returned to Siberia.cite web | url = http://www.prometeus.nsc.ru/eng/partner/intrview.ssi | title = Potaninskaya Library - Interview with Angelica Conner | publisher = Potaninskaya Library]

After leaving prison, he travelled to Siberia with Nikolai M. Yadrintsev, where he began to work as a publisher. Due to his support for regionality and rights for Siberian peoples, he was arrested on charges of supporting separatism for Siberia in 1867. Convicted, he was sentenced to three years in prison and fifteen of hard labour. His hard labour was reduced to five years, and during those five years he wrote a book on the history of Siberia.

In 1876, Potanin lead an expedition into Mongolia. The expedition spent the winter of 1876 - 1877 in Kobdo, with bitter cold and few provisions. While there, the expedition collected various biological specimens and conducted ethnological research. The expedition split into two parts upon leaving the city in the middle of March, 1877. Some members went to Han-Chai, while Potanin and some others left for Hami and Uliassutai.cite journal | title = Brief Notice of M. Prejevalsky's Recent Journey to Lob-Nor and Tibet, and Other Russian Explorations | author = E. Delmar Morgan | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London | date = 1877 | publisher = The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) | volume = 22 | pages = 51–53 | number = 1 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1478-615X%281877%2F1878%291%3A22%3A1%3C51%3ABNOMPR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4 | doi = 10.2307/1799729]

1884 - 1886 expedition

Potatin journeyed to northern China from 1884 to 1886 with Augustus Ivonovitch Skassi. His expedition departed Peking on May 13, 1884. The expedition travelled first over the U-tai-shan mountains, arriving in Hohhot. The expedition left Hohhot and travelled across the Yellow River into the Ordos Desert. They travelled to the ruins of Borobalgassun and from there on to Lang-chau. He encountered a Turkish people called the Salars, and Potanin recorded information about their language. He then spent time recording the cultural practices of the Amdos Mongols. The party then travelled to Si-ning and met its governor, who authorised their travel into eastern Tibet. They departed Si-ning and went to Ming-chau, crossing the high altitude Tibetan Plateau, where they recorded information on the native vegetation. There, the expedition visited Gui-dui, Bóunan, Labrang and Josi before reaching Ming-chau. The expedition ran out of supplies in Sung-pang-ting, and turned back towards Lang-chau, stopping in Lung-an-fu, Ven-hsien, Tse-chau, Hung-chang-fu and Di-dao. They spent the winter of 1885 in the Kumbum Monastery, before returning to Russia.cite journal | title = Potanin's Journey in North-Western China and Eastern Tibet | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series | volume = 9 | number = 4 | date = April 1887 | pages = 233–235 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0266-626X%28188704%292%3A9%3A4%3C233%3APJINCA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C]

While there, he was the first westerner to report on the East Yugur and West Yugur languages, making a glossary that was published in his book on the expedition, "The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia" in 1893. [cite web | url = http://home.arcor.de/marcmarti/yugur/yugurol.htm | title = Yugurology] The book also contains a language glossary for the Salar language.

Later life

In 1889, Potanin lead the group that formed the first University is Russian Asia, Tomsk State University, in Tomsk.

Potanin was arrested in 1905 for his support of the Revolution of 1905.

Potanin was a leading light in the "oblastniki" which aimed at some degree of regional self-government for Siberia, but this movement lacked any party or regional organisation, and was limited to a small group of intellectuals mainly based at Tomsk University. It was here that they organised a Regional Conference in August 1917, and a Congress in October to draft a constitution for an autonomous Siberia. Potanin was elected chairman of the Provisional Siberian Council 8 December 1918 at Tomsk by delegates from the major centres of Siberia. But this assembly was largely dominated by the Esery (Social Revolutionaries, SRs), and Potanin resented being used as a mere figurehead and resigned in protest 12 January 1918 as the first "Siboduma" convened. Subsequently he abandoned the idea of Siberian autonomy in favour of a strong central authority able to restore order and defeat the Bolsheviks. [J.D. Smele (1996) Civil War in Siberia CUP, 1996, p19-20.] The members of "Siboduma" dispersed or were rounded up by local Red Guards on the night of January 25-26 1918. Potanin died at Tomsk in June 1920.

References