Northwest Atlantic Marine

The Northwest Atlantic is a Canadian marine ecozone forming a transitional region between the cold northern waters of the Arctic Ocean and the more temperate waters in its southern extent.

Geography

Stretching in a narrow strip offshore from Ellesmere Island and Devon Island in Baffin Bay, it runs parallel to the coast of Bylot Island and Baffin Island until meeting it at the Cumberland Peninsula. It covers the waters of the Davis Strait and the Hudson Strait, Ungava Bay and portions of the Labrador Sea, including all coastal areas of Labrador and the northern coast of Newfoundland. It also includes the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River.

The cold, highly saline North Atlantic Deep Water forms in the Labrador Sea and flows at great depth along the western edge of the North Atlantic. Moreover, in this ecozone the cold Labrador Current meets the Gulf Stream at the Grand Banks, and together with the freshwater discharge from the Saint Lawrence River, moderate the climate of the coastal areas of the Maritimes.Cite web
url=http://canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/ecozones/arcticbasinmarine/arcticbasinmarine.htm
title=Arctic Basin Marine
work=Canada's Ecozones, Canadian Biodiversity project
last=Bernhardt
first=Torsten
publisher=McGill University, Redpath Museum
accessdate=2008-02-09]

There are more than 440,000 islands in this zone.Cite web
url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/soer-ree/English/vignettes/Marine/nam/land.cfm
title=Landforms and Climate of the Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecozone
work=Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecozone
publisher=Environment Canada
accessdate=2008-02-09]

Regions

This ecozone consists of eight regions, namely:

* Hudson Strait
* Labrador Shelf
* Newfoundland Shelf
* North Gulf Shelf
* Saint Lawrence River Estuary
* Magdalen Shallows
* Laurentian Channel
* Scotian Shelf (only a small portion near Cape Breton Island)

Climate

This ecozone's climate varies throughout its extent, with temperatures differing by 20°C between the arctic waters in the north and the Gulf Stream in the south. Sub-surface temperatures are always below the freezing point, but the salinity of the waters prevents them from freezing. Surface sea ice forms throughout this region, and thousands of icebergs may be observed between the northeast coast of Newfoundland and the Grand Banks. The Saint Lawrence River freezes over during the winter, closing the important shipping channel until the ice clears in the summer.

Summer tides may reach 9 to 12 m, though they tend to be exaggerated in Ungava Bay and more subdued in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

References