- Condeep
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Condeep (abbr. concrete deep water structure) refers to a make of gravity base structure for oil platforms developed and fabricated by Norwegian Contractors in Stavanger, Norway.[1][2][3] A Condeep usually consists of a base of concrete oil storage tanks from which one, three or four concrete shafts rise.[4] The original Condeep always rests on the sea floor, and the shafts rise to about 30 meters above the sea level. The platform deck itself is not a part of the construction.
The Condeep is used for a series of production platforms introduced for crude oil and natural gas production in the North Sea and Norwegian continental shelf.[1]
Following the success of the concrete oil storage tank on the Ekofisk field, Norwegian Contractors introduced the Condeep production platform concept in 1973.[5]
This gravity base structure for platform was unique in that it was built from reinforced concrete instead of steel, which was the norm up to that point. The platform was purpose made for the heavy weather conditions and the great water depths found in the North Sea.[1]
Contents
Troll A
The Troll A platform is the largest Condeep to date.[6] It was built over a period of four years, using a workforce of 2,000, and deployed in 1995 to produce gas from the enormous Troll oil field.
With a total height of 472 meters, Troll A was the largest structure ever to be built and moved. The total weight when launching was 1.2 million tons. 245,000 m³ of concrete and 100,000 tons of steel for reinforcement were used.[7] The amount of steel corresponds to 15 Eiffel towers.[7] The platform is placed at a depth of 300 meters. For stability, it is dug 35 meters into the sea floor.
North Sea concrete platforms
Structure Depth Operator and year The Ekofisk-tank 70 m Phillips, 1973 Frigg CDP1 104 m Total, 1975 Beryl A Condeep 120 m Mobil, 1975 Brent B Condeep 140 m Shell, 1975 Brent D Condeep 140 m Shell, 1976 Frigg TCP2 Condeep 104 m Elf, 1977 Statfjord A Condeep 146 m Mobil, 1977 Statfjord B Condeep 146 m Mobil, 1981 Statfjord C Condeep 146 m Mobil, 1984 Gullfaks A Condeep 135 m Statoil, 1986 Gullfaks B Condeep 142 m Statoil, 1987 Oseberg A Condeep 109 m Norsk Hydro, 1988 Gullfaks C Condeep 216 m Statoil, 1989 Draugen Condeep 251 m Shell, 1993 Sleipner A Condeep 82 m Statoil* Troll Condeep 303 m Norske Shell, 1995 Heidrun TLP 350 m Conoco, 1995 - The original concrete structure of Sleipner A sunk during trials in the Gandsfjord on August 23, 1991. A new structure was built, and deployed in 1993.
Sources
- Fagerberg, Jan; Mowery, David C.; Verspagen, Bart (2009). Innovation, Path Dependency, and Policy: The Norwegian Case. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9-7801-9955-1552.
- Nawy, Edward G. (2008). Concrete construction engineering handbook. CRC Press. ISBN 9-7808-4937-4920.
- Mehta, Povindar K. (1990). Concrete in the marine environment. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9-7818-5166-6225.
- Gerwick, Ben C. (2007). Construction of marine and offshore structures. CRC Press. ISBN 9-7808-4933-0520.
- Arentsen, Maarten J.; Künneke, Rolf W. (2003). National reforms in European gas. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 9-7800-8043-6876.
References
- ^ a b c Fagerberg; Mowery; Verspagen, p.192
- ^ Mehta, Povindar K. p.4
- ^ Gerwick, Ben C. p.166
- ^ Dr. techn. Olav Olsen, Condeep platforms, (in Norwegian) 2011, web page by Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, retrieved 2011-08-30
- ^ Arentsen; Künneke p. 90
- ^ Fagerberg; Mowery; Verspagen, p.191
- ^ a b "Guinness World Records - largest offshore gas platform". Guinness World Records. 1996. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/science_and_technology/buildings/largest_offshore_gas_platform.aspx.
- ^ Nawy, Edward G. Chapter 13.7
- ^ Gerwick, Ben C. p.515
Categories:- Oil platforms
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