Crenicichla

Crenicichla
Pike cichlids
Crenicichla punctata from the Pelotas River, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Infraclass: Teleostei
Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Cichlidae
Subfamily: Cichlinae
Genus: Crenicichla
Heckel, 1840
Diversity
>80 species

Crenicichla is a genus of the cichlids family (Cichlidae); it contains the pike cichlids. It is the most speciose genus of South American cichlids, including approximately 115 species as of 2009; one or two species are on average described as new each year. Pike cichlids are found in most of tropical and subtropical South America between the Andes and the Atlantic.[1]

Contents

Description

The smallest species of Crenicichla are no larger than 3-4 inches (11 cm), and technically qualify as "dwarf cichlids" for the aquarium hobby – though their aggressive and voracious habits should let prospective keepers beware. The biggest pike cichlids can grow to more than 24 in (over 60 cm) long. Most Crenicichla measure in the range of 6-10 in (15-25 cm). Like many other predatory fishes, a pike cichlid has a wide mouth and elongated body.

Distribution and ecology

The genus Crenicichla is native to South America and lives in freshwater rivers, streams, pools and lakes in and around the Amazon region. Some of the species are also found north of the Amazon river in Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, and south of the Amazon river in coastal regions as far as central Argentina and in all river systems of Uruguay.

A majority of the species lives in warm waters but there are several notable exceptions, e.g. those species living in cooler parts of Argentina and Uruguay. Pike cichlids are predatory and feed on fish or insects. They usually place themselves where they can stay undetected by the prey, like close to a sunken tree stem or behind a rock. This behaviour as well as the correspondingly adapted shape, which resembles that the unrelated pikes (Esocidae) of the Holarctic, gives the pike cichlids their common name.

Species

As of early 2010, 83 species of pike cichlids had been described:[2]

  • Crenicichla acutirostris Günther, 1862
  • Crenicichla adspersa Heckel, 1840
  • Crenicichla albopunctata Pellegrin, 1904
  • Crenicichla alta Eigenmann, 1912Millet
  • Crenicichla anthurus Cope, 1872
  • Crenicichla brasiliensis (Bloch, 1792)
  • Crenicichla britskii Kullander, 1982
  • Crenicichla cametana Steindachner, 1911
  • Crenicichla celidochilus Casciotta, 1987
  • Crenicichla cincta Regan, 1905
  • Crenicichla compressiceps Ploeg, 1986
  • Crenicichla coppenamensis Ploeg, 1987
  • Crenicichla cyanonotus Cope, 1870
  • Crenicichla cyclostoma Ploeg, 1986
  • Crenicichla empheres Lucena, 2007
  • Crenicichla frenata Gill, 1858
  • Crenicichla gaucho Lucena & Kullander, 1992
  • Crenicichla geayi Pellegrin, 1903 – Halfbanded Pike Cichlid
  • Crenicichla hadrostigma Lucena, 2007
  • Crenicichla haroldoi Luengo & Britski, 1974
  • Crenicichla heckeli Ploeg, 1989
  • Crenicichla hemera Kullander, 1990
  • Crenicichla hummelincki Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla hu Pialek, Rican, Casciotta & Almiron, 2010
  • Crenicichla igara Lucena & Kullander, 1992
  • Crenicichla iguapina Kullander & Lucena, 2006
  • Crenicichla iguassuensis Haseman, 1911
  • Crenicichla inpa Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla isbrueckeri Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla jaguarensis Haseman, 1911
  • Crenicichla jegui Ploeg, 1986
  • Crenicichla johanna Heckel, 1840
  • Crenicichla jupiaensis Britski & Luengo, 1968
  • Crenicichla jurubi Lucena & Kullander, 1992
  • Crenicichla labrina (Spix & Agassiz, 1831)
  • Crenicichla lacustris (Castelnau, 1855)
  • Crenicichla lenticulata Heckel, 1840
  • Crenicichla lepidota Heckel, 1840
  • Crenicichla lucius Cope, 1870
  • Crenicichla lugubris Heckel, 1840
  • Crenicichla macrophthalma Heckel, 1840
  • Crenicichla maculata Kullander & Lucena, 2006
  • Crenicichla mandelburgeri Kullander, 2009
  • Crenicichla marmorata Pellegrin, 1904
  • Crenicichla menezesi Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla minuano Lucena & Kullander, 1992
  • Crenicichla missioneira Lucena & Kullander, 1992
  • Crenicichla mucuryna Ihering, 1914
  • Crenicichla multispinosa Pellegrin, 1903
  • Crenicichla nickeriensis Ploeg, 1987
  • Crenicichla niederleinii (Holmberg, 1891)
  • Crenicichla notophthalmus Regan, 1913
  • Crenicichla pellegrini Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla percna Kullander, 1991
  • Crenicichla phaiospilus Kullander, 1991
  • Crenicichla prenda Lucena & Kullander, 1992
  • Crenicichla proteus Cope, 1872
  • Crenicichla punctata Hensel, 1870
  • Crenicichla pydanielae Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla regani Ploeg, 1989
  • Crenicichla reticulata (Heckel, 1840)
  • Crenicichla rosemariae Kullander, 1997
  • Crenicichla santosi Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) – Ringtail Pike Cichlid
  • Crenicichla scottii (Eigenmann, 1907)
  • Crenicichla sedentaria Kullander, 1986
  • Crenicichla semicincta Steindachner, 1892
  • Crenicichla semifasciata (Heckel, 1840)
  • Crenicichla sipaliwini Ploeg, 1987
  • Crenicichla stocki Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla strigata Günther, 1862
  • Crenicichla sveni Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla tendybaguassu Lucena & Kullander, 1992
  • Crenicichla ternetzi Norman, 1926
  • Crenicichla tigrina Ploeg, Jegu & Ferreira, 1991
  • Crenicichla tingui Kullander & Lucena, 2006
  • Crenicichla urosema Kullander, 1990
  • Crenicichla vaillanti Pellegrin, 1903
  • Crenicichla virgatula Ploeg, 1991
  • Crenicichla vittata Heckel, 1840
  • Crenicichla wallacii Regan, 1905
  • Crenicichla yaha Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006
  • Crenicichla zebrina Montaña, López-Fernández & Taphorn, 2008

References

  1. ^ Kullander & Lucena (2006)
  2. ^ FishBase [2009]
  • FishBase [2009]: Crenicichla species. Retrieved 2009-APR-10.
  • Kullander, Sven O. & Lucena, Carlos A. (2006): A review of the species of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Atlantic coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul States, with descriptions of three new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 4(2): 127–146. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252006000200001 PDF fulltext

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