Hans-Joachim Born

Hans-Joachim Born was a German radiochemist trained and educated at the "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie". Up to the end of World War II, he worked in Nikolaj Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovskij’s "Abteilung für Experimentelle Genetik", at the "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Hirnforschung". He was taken prisoner by the Russians at the close of World War II. After rescue from the Krasnoyarsk PoW camp, he initially worked in Nikolaus Riehl’s group at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal’, Russia, but at the end of 1947 was sent to work in Sungul' at a sharshka known under the cover name Ob’ekt 0211. At the Sungul' facility, he again worked in a biological research department under the direction of Timofeev-Resovskij. Upon arrival in the DDR in the mid-1950s, Born became the director of the "Institut für Angewandte Isotopenforschung" in Berlin-Buch. He also completed his "Habilitation" at the "Technische Hochschule Dresden", where he then also became a professor on the "Fakultät für Kerntechnik". In 1957, he received and accepted a call to become a professor of radiochemistry at the "Technische Hochschule München" in West Germany.

Education

Born was trained and educated as a radiochemist under Otto Hahn at the "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie". Upon receipt of his doctorate, he was then an "Assistent" (Assistant) to Hahn, in the 1930s. [ Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 121.] [ [http://www.fzd.de/FZD/Roi/FZR_intern_Nr40.pdf ZfK] - "50 Jahre Forschung in Rossendorf, Zentralinstitut für Kernphysik"]

Career

In Germany

Born worked at the "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Hirnforschung" (KWIH, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research) [ Today, the KWIH is known as the "Max-Planck Institut für Hirnforschung", [http://www.mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de/global/menue/profil.htm MPIH] . After World War II, all of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes were named after the physicist Max Planck.] of the " Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft", in Berlin-Buch. At the KWIH, he was in Nikolaj Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovskij’s "Abteilung für Experimentelle Genetik" (Department for Experimental Genetics), [ H. J. Born, N. W. Timoféeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer "Biologische Anwendungen des Zählrohres", "Naturwissenschaften" Volume 30, Number 40, 600-603 (1942). The authors were identified as being in the Genetics Department of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin-Buch.] a world-renowned department with the status of an institute. At the KWIH, Born examined the distribution of radionuclides in the organs of rodents, and he also worked with fission products from research programs conducted under Nikolaus Riehl, scientific director of the Auergesellschaft, who was a participant in the German nuclear energy project " Uranverein". [ [http://www.fzd.de/FZD/Roi/FZR_intern_Nr40.pdf ZfK] - "50 Jahre Forschung in Rossendorf, Zentralinstitut für Kernphysik"]

What happened to Born after the Russians entered Berlin, at the close of World War II, is best understood in the context of his colleague Karl Zimmer at the KWIH, who also had a professional relationship with Nikolaus Riehl at the Auergesellschaft.

At the close of World War II, Russia had special search teams operating in Austria and Germany, especially in Berlin, to identify and “requisition” equipment, materiel, intellectual property, and personnel useful to the Soviet atomic bomb project. The exploitation teams were under the Russian Alsos, and they were headed by Lavrenij Beria’s deputy, Colonel General A. P. Zavenyagin. These teams were composed of scientific staff members, in NKVD officer’s uniforms, from the bomb project’s only laboratory, Laboratory No. 2, in Moscow. In mid-May 1945, the Russian nuclear physicists Georgy Flerov and Lev Artsimovich, in NKVD colonel’s uniforms, compelled Zimmer to take them to the location of Riehl and his staff, who had evacuated their "Auergesellschaft" facilities and were west of Berlin, hoping to be in an area occupied by the American or British military forces. Riehl was detained at the search team’s facility in Berlin-Friedrichshagen for a week. This sojourn in Berlin turned into 10 years in the Soviet Union! Riehl and his staff, including their families, were flown to Moscow on 9 July 1945. Riehl was to head up a group at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal’ (Электросталь [”Электросталь” is sometimes transliterated as “Elektrostal”. A one-to-one transliteration scheme transliterates the Cyrillic letter “Э” as “Eh”, which distinguishes it from that for the Cyrillic letter “Е” given as “E”. Transliterations often also drop the soft sign “ь”.] ). [ Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 71-72.] [ Oleynikov, 2000, 7.]

In Russia

From 1945 to 1950, Riehl was in charge of a group at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal', which had been assigned the task of industrializing reactor-grade uranium production. When Riehl learned that H. J. Born and Karl Zimmer were being held in Krasnogorsk, in the main PoW camp for Germans with scientific degrees, Riehl arranged though Zavenyagin to have them sent to Ehlektrostal’. Alexander Catsch, who had been taken prisoner with Zimmer, was also sent to the Ehlektrostal’ Plant No. 12. Riehl had a hard time incorporating Born, Catsch, and Zimmer into his tasking on uranium production, as Born was a radiochemist, Catsch was a physician and radiation biologist, and Zimmer was a physicist and radiation biologist. Born’s family arrived in Ehlektrostal’ on 20 August 1946. [ Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 2, 31, 71, 83, 89-104, 121-128, and 202.] [ Maddrell, 2006, 179-180, 186, 189, and 210-221.] [ Oleynikov, 2000, 11, 15-16, and Reference #151 on p. 29.] [ [http://dlc.lib.utk.edu/f/fa/fulltext/0839.html Karl G. Zimmer Papers] – University of Tennessee.]

After the detonation of the Russian uranium bomb, uranium production was going smoothly and Riehl’s oversight was no longer necessary at Plant No. 12. Riehl then went, in 1950, to head an institute in Sungul', where he stayed until 1952. Essentially the remaining personnel in his group were assigned elsewhere, with the exception of H. E. Ortmann, A. Baroni (PoW), and Herbert Schmitz (PoW), who went with Riehl. However, Riehl had already sent Born, Catsch, and Zimmer to the institute in December 1947. The institute in Sungul’ was responsible for the handling, treatment, and use of radioactive products generated in reactors, as well as radiation biology, dosimetry, and radiochemistry. The institute was known as Laboratory B, and it was overseen by the 9th Chief Directorate of the NKVD (MVD after 1946), the same organization which oversaw the Russian Alsos operation. The scientific staff of Laboratory B – a ShARAShKA – was both Soviet and German, the former being mostly political prisoners or exiles, although some of the service staff were criminals. [ Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 121-128, and 202.] [ Oleynikov, 2000, 15-17.] (Laboratory V, in Obninsk, headed by Heinz Pose, was also a sharashka and working on the Soviet atomic bomb project. Other notable Germans at the facility were Werner Czulius, Hans Jürgen von Oertzen, Ernst Rexer, and Carl Friedrich Weiss. [Polunin, V. V. and V. A. Staroverov "Personnel of Special Services in the Soviet Atomic Project 1945 – 1953" [In Russian] [http://www.fsb.ru/history/autors/polunin.html (FSB, 2004)] .] )

Laboratory B was known under another cover name [ The Russians used various types of cover names for facilities to obfuscate both the location and function of a facility; in fact, the same facility could have multiple and changing designations. The nuclear design bureau and assembly plant Arzamas-16, for example, had more than one designation – see Yuli Khariton and Yuri Smirnov "The Khariton Version", "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist", 20-31 (May 1993). Some facilities were know by post office box numbers, "почтовом ящике" (pochtovom yashike), abbreviated as "п/я". See Maddrell, 2006, 182-183. Also see Demidov, A. A. "On the tracks of one “Anniversary”" [In Russian] [http://www.sarov.info/index.php?ch=ngn&id=4871&view=article&prevview=arc&year=2005&month=8 11.08.2005] , which relates the history changing post office box designations for Arzamas-16.] as "Объект 0211" (Ob’ekt 0211, Object 0211), as well as Object B. [ Timofeev-Resovskij, N. V. "Kratkaya Avtobiograficheskaya Zapiska" ("Brief Autobiographical Note") [http://www.jinr.ru/drrr/Timofeeff/auto/auto_r.html (14 October 1977)] .] ["“Я ПРОЖИЛ СЧАСТЛИВУЮ ЖИЗНЬ” К 90-летию со дня рождения Н. В. Тимофеева-Ресовского (“I Lived a Happy Life” – In Honor of the 90th Anniversary of the Birth of Timofeev-Resovskij", "ИСТОРИЯ НАУКИ. БИОЛОГИЯ (History of Science – Biology)", 1990, № 9, 68-104 [http://www.ihst.ru/projects/sohist/papers/priroda/1990/9/68-104.pdf (1990)] . This commemorative has many photographs of Timofeev-Resovskij.] [Ratner, V. A. "Session in Memory of N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences" [In Russian] , "Vestnik VOGis" Article 4, No. 15 [http://www.bionet.nsc.ru/vogis/vestnik.php?f=2000&p=15_4 (2000)] .] [ Izvarina, E. "Nuclear project in the Urals: History in Photographs" [In Russian] "Nauka Urala" Numbers 12-13, June [http://www.ch70.chel.su/newsview.phtml?id=20060601_01 2000] .] (In 1955, Laboratory B was closed. Some of its personnel were transferred elsewhere, but most of them were assimilated into a new, second nuclear weapons institute, Scientific Research Institute-1011, NII-1011, today known as the Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, RFYaTs–VNIITF. NII-1011 had the designation "предприятие п/я 0215", i.e., enterprise post office box 0215 and "Объект 0215"; the latter designation has also been used in reference to Laboratory B after its closure and assimilation into NII-1011. [ Sulakshin, S. S. (Scientific Editor) "Social and Political Process of Economic Status of Russia" [In Russian] [http://old.rusrand.ru/netcat_files/183_8.pdf 2005] .] [ [http://www.ch70.chel.su/creators.phtml RFYaTS-VNIITF Creators] – See the entry for "УРАЛЕЦ Александр Константинович" (URALETs Aleksandr Konctantinovich) [In Russian] .] [ [http://www.ch70.chel.su/creators.phtml RFYaTS-VNIITF Creators] – See the entry for "ТИМОФЕЕВ-РЕСОВСКИЙ Николай Владимирович " (TIMOFEEV-RESOVSKIJ Nikolaj Vladimorovich) [In Russian] .] [ Penzina, V. V. "Archive of the Russian Federal Nuclear Centre of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, named after E. I. Zababakhin. Resource No. 1 – Laboratory "B"." [In Russian] ( [http://chelarhiv.ru/vestnik/8/ayd.html VNIITF] ). Penzina is cited as head of the VNIITF Archive in Snezhinsk.] )

One of the political prisoners in Laboratory B was Riehls’ colleague from the KWIH, N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij, who, as a Soviet citizen, was arrested by the Soviet forces in Berlin at the conclusion of the war, and he was sentenced to 10 years in the Gulag. In 1947, Timofeev-Resovskij was rescued out of a harsh Gulag prison camp, nursed back to health, and sent to Sungul' to complete his sentence, but still make a contribution to the Soviet atomic bomb project. At Laboratory B, Timofeev-Resovskij headed a biophysics research department, in which Born, Catsch, and Zimmer were able to conduct work similar to that which they had done in Germany, and all three became section heads in Timofeev-Resovskij’s department. Specifically, Born examined fission products, developed methods of separating plutonium from fission products created in a nuclear reactor, and investigated and developed radiation health and safety measures. [ Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 121-128, and 202.] [ Oleynikov, 2000, 15-17.] [ Penzina, V. V. "Archive of the Russian Federal Nuclear Centre of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, named after E. I. Zababakhin. Resource No. 1 – Laboratory "B"." [In Russian] ( [http://chelarhiv.ru/vestnik/8/ayd.html VNIITF] ). Penzina is cited as head of the VNIITF Archive in Snezhinsk.] [ [http://www.fzd.de/FZD/Roi/FZR_intern_Nr40.pdf ZfK] - "50 Jahre Forschung in Rossendorf, Zentralinstitut für Kernphysik"]

In preparation for release from the Soviet Union, it was standard practice to put personnel into quarantine for a few years if they worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project, as was the case for Born. Additionally, in 1954, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR, German Democratic Republic) and the Soviet Union prepared a list of scientists they wished to keep in the DDR, due to their having worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project; this list was known as the “A-list”. On this A-list were the names of 18 scientists. Nine, possibly 10, of the names were associated with the Riehl group which worked at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal’. Born, Catsch, Riehl, and Zimmer were on the list. [ The A-list prepared by East Germany and the Soviet Union in 1954 had 18 names on it. These Germans were to be encouraged to stay in East Germany, as they had done work on the Soviet atomic bomb project. At least nine members worked in Riehl’s group at Ehlektrostal’:
*Hans-Joachim Born, Alexander Catsch, Werner Kirst, Przybilla, Nikolaus Riehl, Herbert Thieme, Tobein, Günter Wirths, and Karl Zimmer.
*Schmidt may be may be a tenth Riehl group member Herbert Schmitz, or the name may refer to Fritz Schmidt, another nuclear scientist who was returned to Germany. Others on the list were:
*Heinz Barwich, Justus Mühlenpfordt, and Karl-Franz Zühlke, who all worked at Institute G headed by Gustav Hertz,
*Ingrid Schilling and Alfred Schimohr, who both worked at Institute A headed by Manfred von Ardenne,
*Willi Lange, Gerhard Siewert, and Ludwig Ziehl.See Maddrell, 2006, 179-180.] [ Maddrell, 2006, 179-180.] [ Albrecht, Heinemann-Grüder, and Wellmann, 1992, Reference #22 on p. 57.]

In Germany Again

Born returned to Germany in the mid-1950s and eventually went West. Riehl arrived in the DDR on 4 April 1955, and by early June he was in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Other colleagues of Riehl who worked with him in Russia also went West; Alexander Catsch went to the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Günter Wirths fled to the FRG and Karl Zimmer went legally. [ Maddrell, 2006, 179-180.]

Upon arrival in the DDR, Born became the director of the "Institut für Angewandte Isotopenforschung" (Institute for Applied Isotope Research) in Berlin-Buch. He also completed his "Habilitation" [ H. J. Born "Habilitationsschrift: Radiochemie und Anwendung radioaktiver Isotope", Technische Hochschule Dresden [http://www.ua.tu-dresden.de/new/Bestaende/allBest/kt_55-62.pdf (1956)] ] at the "Technische Hochschule Dresden" (after a reorganization and renaming in 1961: Technische Universität Dresden), where he then became a professor on the "Fakultät für Kerntechnik" (Faculty for Nuclear Technology). In 1957, he received and accepted a call to become a professor of radiochemistry at the "Technische Hochschule München", which in 1970 was reorganized and renamed the " Technische Universität München". At the "Technische Hochschule", he was affiliated with the "Institut für Radiochemie". [ [http://www.fzd.de/FZD/Roi/FZR_intern_Nr40.pdf ZfK] - "50 Jahre Forschung in Rossendorf, Zentralinstitut für Kernphysik"] [ Riehl and Seitz, 1996, 121.] [H-J. Born, S. Krawczynski, W. Ochsenfeld, and H. Scholz "Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 116. Verwendbarkeit von Dibutyläther für die Aufbereitung bestrahlter Kernbrennstoffe mittels Extraktion" (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H., [http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/kfk-berichte/KFK0116.pdf 1962] ). Institutional affiliations: "Institut für Radiochemie" of the "Technischen Hochschule München" and "Kernreaktor Bau- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, Karlsruhe, Institut für Heiße Chemie".] [ R. Henkelmann "50 Jahre NAA am Forschungsstandort Garching, Technische Universität München, Institut für Radiochemie" (Technische Universität München, [http://www.kernchemie.uni-mainz.de/downloads/saagas21/henkelmann.pdf 1957] )]

elected Literature

The majority of these literature citations have been garnered by searching on variations of the author’s name on [http://www.google.com/ Google] , [http://scholar.google.com/ Google Scholar] , and the [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/ Energy Citations Database] .

*H. J. Born Title "Experiments with Radioactive Phosphorus in Rats" [In German] , "Naturwissenschaften" Volume 28, 476 (1940)

*H. J. Born, N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky, and K. G. Zimmer "Anwendungen der Neutronen und der künstlich radioaktiven Stoffe in Chemie und Biologe", "Umschau" Volume 45, # 6, 83-87 (1941)

*H. J. Born, N. W. Timoféeff-Ressovsky and K. G. Zimmer "Biologische Anwendungen des Zählrohres", "Naturwissenschaften" Volume 30, Number 40, 600-603 (1942). The authors were identified as being in the Genetics Department of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin-Buch.

* G. I. (H. J.) Born, N. Riehl, K. G. Zimmer "Efficiency of Luminescence Production by Beta Rays in Zinc Sulfide" [In Russian] , "Doklaky Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R. " Volume 59, March, 1269-1272 (1948)

*H. J. Born "Habilitationsschrift: Radiochemie und Anwendung radioaktiver Isotope", Technische Hochschule Dresden [http://www.ua.tu-dresden.de/new/Bestaende/allBest/kt_55-62.pdf (1956)]

*G. I. (H. J.) Born, K. F. Vayss, M. G. Kobaladze "On Resolution of Some Analytical Problems Pertaining to Rare Earths by Means of Radioactivation Analysis" [In Russian] , "Trans. Comm. Anal. Khim. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R." Volume 7, No. 10, 104-118 (1956). Translated from "Referat. Zhur. Khim." No. 4, 1957, Abstract No. 12059. Institutional affiliation: Commission on Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences, USSR.

*H.-J. Born and H. Stärk "Quantitative Determination of Iodine and Iodine Compounds on Chromatographic Paper. By Neutron Activation", "Atomkernenergie" Volume 4, 286-289 (1959). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*H. J. Born "The Significance of Preparative Radiochemistry for the Application of Radio-Nuclides in Research and Industry", "Kerntechnik" Volume 3, 515-518 (1961). Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*P. Wilkniss and H. J. Born "On the Activation Analysis of Oxygen with Help of the Reaction O¹⁶ (T,n) F¹⁸", "Intern. J. Appl. Radiation and Isotopes" Volume 10, 133-136 (1961). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*H. J. Born and H. J. Marcinowski "Production and Application of Radionuclides in Europe" [In German] , "Kerntechnik" (West Germany) Merged with Atomkernenergie to form Atomkernenerg./ Kerntech.kyu Hokoku; Vol: 4, 573-579 (1962). Institutional affiliation: Isotopen-Studiengesellschaft e.V., Frankfurt am Main.

*H. J. Born "The Mechanism of Molecule Formation by Nuclear Fission and Subsequent Processes in Solid Mixtures", Report Number: EUR-2209.e (1964). Institutional affiliation: Munich. Technische Hochschule München.

*D. C. Aumann and H. J. Born "Determination of the ¹⁸O Concentration in Water by Irradiation with Neutrons" [In German] , "Naturwissenschaften" Volume 51, 159 (1964). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*D. C. Aumann and H. J. Born "Activation Determination of Lithium Using the Reaction Chain ⁶Li (n,alpha) ³H and ¹⁶O (T,n) ¹⁸F' [In German] , "Radiochimica Acta" Volume 3, 62-73 (1964). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

* H. J. Born and D. C. Aumann "Activation Analysis Determination of Lithium with the Help of the Reaction Chain ⁶Li (n,d) ³H and ¹⁶O (T,n) ¹⁸F", "Naturwissenschaften" Volume 51, 159-160 (1964). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*D. C. Aumann and H. J. Born "Determination of Some Light Elements by Secondary Reactions", "Proceedings of 1965 International Conference on Modern Trends in Activation Analysis" College Station, Texas, Texas A and M University, 265-271 (1965). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*D. C. Aumann, H. J. Born, and R. Henkelmann "Use of Fast Reactor Neutrons for Rapid and Nondestructive Trace Analysis, Especially of Oxygen" [In German] , "Z. Anal. Chem." Volume 221, 101-108 (1966). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*P. Wilkniss and H. J. Born "Radiochemical Separation of ¹⁸F from Reactor Irradiated Gold and Uranium" [In German] , "Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotop." Volume 17, 304-306 (1996). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*P. E. Wilkniss and H. J. Born "Activation Analysis of Oxygen at the Surface of Solids", "Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotop." Volume 18, 57-64 (1967). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*C. Turkowsky, H. Stärk, and H. J. Born "Determination of Traces of Uranium in Rocks and Minerals by Neutron Activation" [In German] , "Radiochim. Acta" 8: 27-30 (1967). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*G. Höhlein, H. J. Born, and W. Weinländer "Isolation of ²⁴²Cm from Neutron-irradiated ²⁴¹Am", "Radiochim. Acta" 10: 85-91(1968). Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*H. W. Johlige, D. C. Aumann, and H.-J. Born "Determination of the Relative Electron Density at the Be Nucleus in Different Chemical Combinations, Measured as Changes in the Electron-Capture Half-Life of 7Be", "Phys. Rev. C 2", Issue 5, 1616 - 1622 (1970). Institutional affiliation: "Institut für Radiochemie" at the "Technische Hochschule München". Received 24 November 1969; revised 22 May 1970.

*E. A. Timofeeva-Reskovskaya, Yu. I. Moskalev, and G. I. (H. J.) Born, "Distribution of ²²⁸Ac Following Intravenous Injection" [In Russian] , "Trudy Inst. Ekol. Rast. Zhivotn." No. 68, 23-30 (1970)

*H. J. Born, G. Höhlein, B. Schütz, S. Specht, and W. Weinländer "Facility for the Complete Processing of Actinide Targets in the Multi-Ci Range", "Kerntechnik" 12: 75-80 (1970). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*H. J. Born "Activation analysis", Technical Report Number BMBW-FBK--72-13, "1st Seminar on Activation Analysis", 8 December 1970, Garching.

*A. Alian and H. J. Born "Extraction of Terbium with Bis(ethyl 2-hexyl) Phosphoric Acid from Mixed Media", "Radiochim. Acta" Volume 17, No. 3, 168 (1972). Institutional affiliation: Technische Univ. Munich

*A. Alian, H. H. Born, and H. Stärk "Determination of molybdenum in standard rocks and in Scheelite Ores. Activation analysis by extraction of daughter nuclides.", "Radiochim. Acta" ;18: No. 1, 50-57 (1972). Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*A. Alian, H. J. Born, and H. Stärk "Title Radiochemical and activation analysis by extraction of daughter nuclides. Determination of molybdenum", "International Conference On modern Trends in Activation Analysis", 2 October 1972, Saclay, France.

*A. Alian, H. J. Born, and J. L. Kim "Thermal and epithermal neutron activation analysis using the monostandard method" , "International Conference On modern Trends in Activation Analysis", 2 October 1972, Saclay, France.

*J. L. Kim, H. Lagally, and H. J. Born "Ion exchange in aqueous and in aqueous--organic solvents. Part I. Anion-exchange behavior of Zr, Nb, Ta, and Pa in aqueous HCl--HF and in HCl--HF--organic solvent", "Anal. Chim. Acta" Volume 64, No. 1, 29-43 (1973). Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*J. I. Kim, H. Lagally, and H. J. Born "Ion exchange in aqueous and in aqueous--organic solvents. Part I. Anion-exchange behavior of Zr, Nb, Ta, and Pa in aqueous HCl--HF and in HCl--HF--organic solvent", "Anal. Chim. Acta" Volume 64, No. 1, 29-43 (1973)

*H. J. Born and J. L. Kim "Monostandard activation analysis and its applications: analyses of kale powder and NBS standard glass samples", "J. Radioanal. Chem." Volume 13, No. 2, 427-442 (1973). Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*R. Henkelmann and H.-J. Born "Analytical use of neutron-capture gamma-rays", "Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry" Volume 16, Number 2, 473-481, (1973). Currnet address of Henkelmann: Institut Laue-Langevin, 38-Grenoble, France. Institutional affiliation of Born: "Institut für Radiochemie" of the "Technischen Universität München".

*B. O. Schütz, S. Specht, and H. J. Born "Title Choice of operation parameters of ion-exchange columns for separations of highly radioactive nuclides", Reactor meeting, 10 Apr 1973, Karlsruhe, Germany. Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München. (Zentralstelle für Atomkernenergie-Dokumentation, Leopoldshafen, 1973).

*R. Henkelmann and H. J. Born "Analytical use of neutron-capture gamma-rays", "J. Radioanal. Chem." Volume 16, No. 2, 473-481 (1973). International Conference on Modern Trends in Activation Analysis; 2 October 1972; Saclay, France. Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*A. Alian, H. J. Born, and J. L. Kim "Thermal and epithermal neutron activation analysis using the monostandard method", "J. Radioanal. Chem. " Volume 15, No. 2, 535-546 (1973). International Conference on Modern Trends in Activation Analysis; 2 October 1972; Saclay, France. Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*H. Duschner, H. J. Born, and J. I. Kim "Electrodeposition of protactinium as fluoride from organic solvents", "Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotop.", Volume 24, No. 8, 433-436 (1973). Institutional affiliation: Technische Hochschule München.

*S. Specth, R. F. Nolte, and H. J. Born "Influence of the geometry of the stationary phase on the efficiency of extraction chromatographic systems", "J. Radioanal. Chem. " Volume 21, No. 1, 119-127 (1974). 7th Radiochemical Conference; April 1973; Marianske Lazne, Czechoslovakia. Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*S. Specht, B. O. Schütz, and H. J. Born "Development of a high-pressure ion-exchange system for rapid preparative separations of transuranium elements", "J. Radioanal. Chem.", Volume 21, No. 1, pp. 167-176 (1974). 7th Radiochemical Conference; April 1973; Marianske Lazne, Czechoslovakia. Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*V. Dronov, S. Specth, W. Weinländer, and H. J. Born "Change of the efficiency of the chromatographic system in transition to higher activities. I. Comparison of alpha and gamma radiolysis of a cation exchanger with respect to its change in weight, salt separation capacity, and residual capacity and its swelling power" [In German] , "J. Radioanal. Chem. ", Volume 24, No. 2, 393-409 (1975). Institutional affiliation: Technischen Universität München.

*R. Henkelmann, K. Müller, and H. J. Born "Title Determination of low-dose boron-implanted concentration profiles in silicon by the (n, alpha) reaction", "Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., Suppl.", Volume 21, No. 3, 14 (1975). "International Nuclear and Atomic Activation Analysis Conference and 19th Annual Meeting on Analytical Chemistry in Nuclear Technology", 14 October 1975; Gatlinburg, TN. Institutional affiliation: Technische Universität München.

*S. Specht, V. Dornow, W. Weinländer, and H. J. Born "Variation of the capacity of chromatographic systems in transitions to high activities. II. Comparison of the effect of alpha and gamma radiolysis of a cation exchanger on the distribution coefficient, separation factor, and plate heights" [In German] , "J. Radioanal. Chem." Volume 26, No. 1, 17-30 (1975). Institutional affiliation: Technischen Universität München.

*Hans-Joachim Born, Gerd Hüttenrauch, Heinz-Joachim Link, "X-ray diagnostics installation for peripheral angiography examinations", Patent number: 5349625. Filing date: Mar 11, 1993. Issue date: September 20, 1994. Assignee: "Siemens Aktiengesellschaft".

Publications of the KFK and ZAED

*H-J. Born, S. Krawczynski, W. Ochsenfeld, and H. Scholz "Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Sonderabdrucke. 116. Verwendbarkeit von Dibutyläther für die Aufbereitung bestrahlter Kernbrennstoffe mittels Extraktion" (Gesellschaft für Kernforschung m.b.H., [http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/kfk-berichte/KFK0116.pdf 1962] ). Institutional affiliations: "Institut für Radiochemie" of the "Technischen Hochschule München" and "Kernreaktor Bau- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, Karlsruhe, Institut für Heiße Chemie".

*Hans-Joachim Born and Günter Höhlein "Die Isolierung von ²⁴²Cm im ¹⁰⁰Ci-Bereich aus neutronenbestrahltem ²⁴¹Am" (Zentralstelle für Atomkernenergie-Dokumentation, ZAED, 1968)

*Hans-Joachim Born and Hans-Georg Meyer "Zur Verteilung von Thorium-230, Thorium-232 und Uran-238 bei der Schwefelsäurelaugung von Uranerzen" (Zentralstelle für Atomkernenergie-Dokumentation, 1968)

*Knut Lorenzen and Hans-Joachim Born "Untersuchungen zur photovoltaischen Konversion" (Zentralstelle für Atomkernenergie-Dokumentation, 1968)

Bibliography

*Albrecht, Ulrich, Andreas Heinemann-Grüder, and Arend Wellmann "Die Spezialisten: Deutsche Naturwissenschaftler und Techniker in der Sowjetunion nach 1945" (Dietz, 1992, 2001) ISBN 3320017888

*Herrlich, Peter "Karl Gunther Zimmer (1911-1988)", "Radiation Research", Volume 116, Number 1, 178-180 (Oct., 1988)

*Maddrell, Paul "Spying on Science: Western Intelligence in Divided Germany 1945–1961" (Oxford, 2006) ISBN 0-19-926750-2

*Naimark, Norman M. "The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949" (Belknap, 1995)

*Oleynikov, Pavel V. "German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project", "The Nonproliferation Review" Volume 7, Number 2, 1 – 30 [http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol07/72/72pavel.pdf (2000)] . The author has been a group leader at the Institute of Technical Physics of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center in Snezhinsk (Chelyabinsk-70).

* Riehl, Nikolaus and Frederick Seitz "Stalin’s Captive: Nikolaus Riehl and the Soviet Race for the Bomb" (American Chemical Society and the Chemical Heritage Foundations, 1996) ISBN 0-8412-3310-1.

External links

* [http://www.ua.tu-dresden.de/new/Bestaende/allBest/kt_55-62.pdf Habilitationsschrift] - Technische Universität Dresden
* [http://www.kernchemie.uni-mainz.de/downloads/saagas21/henkelmann.pdf R. Henkelmann] - "50 Jahre NAA am Forschungsstandort Garching, Technische Universität München, Institut für Radiochemie"
* [http://www.fzd.de/FZD/Roi/FZR_intern_Nr40.pdf ZfK] - "50 Jahre Forschung in Rossendorf, Zentralinstitut für Kernphysik"

Notes