UGT1A4

UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A4, also known as UGT1A4, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UGT1A4 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54657| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
section_title =
summary_text = This gene encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the glucuronidation pathway that transforms small lipophilic molecules, such as steroids, bilirubin, hormones, and drugs, into water-soluble, excretable metabolites. This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The locus includes thirteen unique alternate first exons followed by four common exons. Four of the alternate first exons are considered pseudogenes. Each of the remaining nine 5' exons may be spliced to the four common exons, resulting in nine proteins with different N-termini and identical C-termini. Each first exon encodes the substrate binding site, and is regulated by its own promoter. This enzyme has some glucuronidase activity towards bilirubin, although is is more active on amines, steroids, and sapogenins.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UGT1A4 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=54657| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Mackenzie PI, Owens IS, Burchell B, "et al." |title=The UDP glycosyltransferase gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature update based on evolutionary divergence. |journal=Pharmacogenetics |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 255–69 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9295054 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tukey RH, Strassburg CP |title=Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease. |journal=Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. |volume=40 |issue= |pages= 581–616 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10836148 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.581
*cite journal | author=King CD, Rios GR, Green MD, Tephly TR |title=UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. |journal=Curr. Drug Metab. |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 143–61 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11465080 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ritter JK, Chen F, Sheen YY, "et al." |title=A novel complex locus UGT1 encodes human bilirubin, phenol, and other UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozymes with identical carboxyl termini. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 5 |pages= 3257–61 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1339448 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bosma PJ, Chowdhury JR, Huang TJ, "et al." |title=Mechanisms of inherited deficiencies of multiple UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in two patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type I. |journal=FASEB J. |volume=6 |issue= 10 |pages= 2859–63 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1634050 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ritter JK, Crawford JM, Owens IS |title=Cloning of two human liver bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNAs with expression in COS-1 cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 2 |pages= 1043–7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1898728 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Moghrabi N, Clarke DJ, Boxer M, Burchell B |title=Identification of an A-to-G missense mutation in exon 2 of the UGT1 gene complex that causes Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2. |journal=Genomics |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 171–3 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8276413 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1993.1451
*cite journal | author=Aono S, Yamada Y, Keino H, "et al." |title=Identification of defect in the genes for bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase in a patient with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=197 |issue= 3 |pages= 1239–44 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8280139 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2610
*cite journal | author=van Es HH, Bout A, Liu J, "et al." |title=Assignment of the human UDP glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT1A1) to chromosome region 2q37. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=63 |issue= 2 |pages= 114–6 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8467709 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strassburg CP, Oldhafer K, Manns MP, Tukey RH |title=Differential expression of the UGT1A locus in human liver, biliary, and gastric tissue: identification of UGT1A7 and UGT1A10 transcripts in extrahepatic tissue. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=52 |issue= 2 |pages= 212–20 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9271343 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strassburg CP, Manns MP, Tukey RH |title=Expression of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A locus in human colon. Identification and characterization of the novel extrahepatic UGT1A8. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 15 |pages= 8719–26 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9535849 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hiller A, Nguyen N, Strassburg CP, "et al." |title=Retigabine N-glucuronidation and its potential role in enterohepatic circulation. |journal=Drug Metab. Dispos. |volume=27 |issue= 5 |pages= 605–12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10220490 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gong QH, Cho JW, Huang T, "et al." |title=Thirteen UDPglucuronosyltransferase genes are encoded at the human UGT1 gene complex locus. |journal=Pharmacogenetics |volume=11 |issue= 4 |pages= 357–68 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11434514 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nakajima M, Tanaka E, Kwon JT, Yokoi T |title=Characterization of nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in human liver microsomes. |journal=Drug Metab. Dispos. |volume=30 |issue= 12 |pages= 1484–90 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12433823 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Zhang JY, Zhan J, Cook CS, "et al." |title=Involvement of human UGT2B7 and 2B15 in rofecoxib metabolism. |journal=Drug Metab. Dispos. |volume=31 |issue= 5 |pages= 652–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12695355 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kuehl GE, Murphy SE |title=N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by human liver microsomes and heterologously expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. |journal=Drug Metab. Dispos. |volume=31 |issue= 11 |pages= 1361–8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14570768 |doi= 10.1124/dmd.31.11.1361

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