Admiralty of Rotterdam

Admiralty of Rotterdam

The Admiralty of Rotterdam, also called the Admiralty of de Maze, was one of the five Admiralties in the Dutch Republic.

History

It was set up in 1574 during the Dutch Revolt, when (after the Capture of Brielle) William I of Orange's supporters decided to pool their naval resources at Rotterdam. After a number of reorganisations designed with fostering cooperation between the Admiralties, the structure of the five Admiralties was determined and defined via a 1597 decision of the States-General of the Netherlands. The Admiralty had branches for equipping warships, protecting overseas trade and traffic on the sea and rivers, collecting taxes, and jurisdiction over loot and price setting. This situation remained in place until the admiralties were disestablished in 1795.

This, the oldest of the admiralties, was based in the Prinsenhof (Rotterdam), the former Saint Agnathaklooster, at Botersloot. In the former monastery's brewery was built an "artilleriehuis", and also within the complex an Admiralty prison was built. In 1644 the Prinsenhof was demolished for the construction of Nieuwemarkt, with the Admiralty moving to the north-west corner of Haringvliet. The "artilleriehuis" was, however, spared due to its non-central position, on the Prinsenhofterrein by the end of the Huibrug, but was demolished and rebuilt in 1759, probably using stone from the demolished late 16th century frontage of the Admiralty building. One of these stones shows the Admiralty's arms, with the crossed anchors and an abbreviation of its motto "Pugno Pro Patria" ("I fight for the fatherland").

The Admiralty's new 1644 building, the "Admiraliteitshof" (with its name recalling that of the Prinsenhof), was an imposing classical building, with a facade showing the coat of arms, and a square plan centred on a courtyard. It was demolished in 1884 (the remains of a gate with the coat of arms can be seen in the collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Since the end of the sixteenth century the Admiralty had also owned the 's-Landswerf, an arsenal and warehouse at the northeastern corner of the Nieuwehaven, which was demolished and rebuilt on the same site in 1660, then extended in 1662 with a second arsenal accessed by a very broad entrance opposite the east gate. In the second half of the seventeenth century the Nieuwehaven was extended to the Buizengat, leading the 's-Landswerf to be moved to the Buizengat's south bank in or after 1689. In 1701, a part of the complex on Groenendaal was destroyed by fire. The rebuilding of the affected wing was commemorated with a foundation stone laid by Diderik Hogendorp. In the 18th century the second arsenal was closed and modernised by the architect Jan Giudici. G. D. Wijckerheld Bisdom laid its first stone on 8 May 1783.

Through all these expansions at a large rectangular building gradually arose. In 1823, the second arsenal was re-organized for the corps of mariners. In 1846, the corps disappeared and in 1868 returned. In 1849 the navy yard (Marinewerf), as the complex was called after the Admiralties were dissolved in 1795, closed. This last building was re-organized in 1855 as a Rijksentrepot.

Near to the many sites relating to the Admiralty may be seen a "lijnbaan" (touwslagersstraat, or rope-making factory) with accompanying buildings at the Lagendijk just outside the Oostpoort. These were set up in 1697 and were 265 metres long and 10 metres wide, and in service until 1847.

Fleet-guardians (vlootvoogden)

Well-known fleet-guardians ("vlootvoogden") of the Rotterdam Admiralty include:

*Almonde, Philps van: "luitenant-commandeur" (1665); "schout-bij-nacht" (1673)
*Brakel, Jan van: "viceadmiraal" (1688)
*Callenburgh, Gerard: "viceadmiraal" (1692)
*Dorp, Phillips van: "raadslid" (1642)
*Ghent, Willem Joseph:
*Kortenaer, Egbert Bartolomeusz: "luitenant-commandeur" (1653); "viceadmiraal" (1659); "luitenant-admiraal" (1665)
*Liefde, Cornelis de:
*Liefde, Johan de: "viceadmiraal" (1666)
*Liefde, Pieter de:
*Kerseboom, Laurens:
*Neck, Jacob van: "luitenant-admiraal" (?)
*Nes, Aert Jansz van: "schout-bij-nacht" (1662); "viceadmiraal" (1665); "luitenant-admiraal" (1666)
*Nes, Cornelis Jansz van:
*Nes de jongere, Jan Jacobsz van:
*Nes de oudere, Jan Jacobsz van:
*Nes, Jan Jansz van: "schout-bij-nacht" (1666); "viceadmiraal" (1673)
*Schepers, Willem Bastiaensz: "luitenant-admiraal" (1692)
*Tromp, Cornelisz: "luitenant-admiraal" (1665)
*Tromp, Maarten Harpertsz: "luitenant-admiraal" (1637)
*Wassenaer-Obdam, Jacob van: "luitenant-admiraal" )1653)
*Wassenaer Duivenvoorde, Jacob van: "luitenant-admiraal" (?)
*With, Witte de: "vlaggen-kapitein" (1622); "viceadmiraal" (1626)

Battle of Texel

In the 1673 Battle of Texel, the last big battle of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Admiralty of Rotterdam provided the following ships and captains:

Ships of the line:
"De Zeven Provinciën" 80 (vlaggeschip der vloot, luitenant-admiraal-generaal Michiel de Ruyter, vlaggekapiteins Gerard Callenburgh en Pieter de Liefde)
"Delft" 62 (Philips van Almonde)
"Ridderschap" 64 (Eland du Bois)
"Voorzichtigheid" 84 (Jan van Brakel)
"Gelderland" 63 (waarnemend schout-bij-nacht Cornelis de Liefde, dodelijk gewond)
"Vrijheid" 80 (viceadmiraal Jan Evertszoon de Liefde, gesneuveld)
"Eendracht" 72 (luitenant-admiraal Aert Jansse van Nes)
"Maagd van Dordrecht" 68 (viceadmiraal Jan Jansse van Nes)
"Dordrecht" 44 (Frans van Nijdek)
"Zeelandia" 42 (Simon van Panhuis)
"Schieland" 58 (Adriaan Poort)
"Wassenaer" 59 (Barend Rees)
Frigates:
"Schiedam" 20 (Cornelis van der Hoevensoon)
"Utrecht" 34 (Jan Snellensoon)
"Rotterdam" 30 (Jacob Pieterszoon Swart)
"Harderwijk" 24 (MozesWichmansoon)
Adviesjachten:
"Hoop" 6 (Isaac Anteuniszoon van Anten)
"Rotterdam" 6 (Wijnand van Meurs)
Branders:
"Sint Pieter" (Gerrit Halfkaag)
"Jisper Kerk" 4 (Lens Harmenszoon)
"Blackmoor" 4 (Abraham van Koperen)
"Maria" 4 (Dirk de Munnik)
"Eenhoorn" (Willem de Rave)
"Louise" 4 (Jan Daniëlszoon van Rijn)

External links

*nl icon [http://www.engelfriet.net/Alie/Hans/43admiraliteit.htm Admiraliteit van de Maeze]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Admiralty (disambiguation) — Admiralty can mean:*Admiralty law, also called Maritime LawIn Russia*Admiralty Board (Russia), the authority responsible for the Imperial Russian Navy *Admiralty (Saint Petersburg) building in Saint Petersburg, Russia *Admiralty Shipyard in Saint …   Wikipedia

  • Admiralty of Amsterdam — The Admiralty of Amsterdam was the largest of the five Dutch admiralties at the time of the Dutch Republic. The administration of the various Admiralties was strongly influenced by provincial interests. The territory for which Amsterdam was… …   Wikipedia

  • Admiralty of Friesland — The Admiralty of Friesland or Frisian Admiralty (Dutch Admiraliteit van Friesland or Friese Admiraliteit ; Frisian Fryske Admiraliteit ) was one of the five admiralties of the Dutch Republic. Set up on 6 March 1596, it was dissolved in 1795… …   Wikipedia

  • Admiralty law — Hi …   Wikipedia

  • Admiralty court — Admiralty law History …   Wikipedia

  • Amirauté de Rotterdam — L Amirauté de Rotterdam (en néerlandais, Admiraliteit van de Rotterdam) également appelée Amirauté de la Meuse (en néerlandais, Admiraliteit van de Maeze), est une des cinq amirautés des Provinces Unies. Sommaire 1 Histoire 2 Officiers généraux… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Vice admiralty court — Admiralty law History …   Wikipedia

  • Johan Kievit — (1627 1692) was an Orangist Rotterdam Regent, who may have been one of the instigators of the murder of former Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt, of the Dutch Republic, and his brother Cornelis de Witt on August 20, 1672, together with his brother… …   Wikipedia

  • Raid on the Medway — Part of the Second Anglo Dutch War Attack on the Medway, June 1667 by Pieter Corn …   Wikipedia

  • Maarten Tromp — Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp, 1598–1653, after an engraving by Jan Lievens. Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp (23 April 1598 – 10 August 1653) was an officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy. His first name is also spelled as Maerten …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”