George J. Dufek

George John Dufek (10 February 1903, Rockford, Illinois - 10 February 1977, Bethesda, Marylandimdb name|0240348|Biography for George J. Dufek] ) was an American naval officer, naval aviator, and Arctic expert. He served in World War II and the Korean War and in the 1940s and 1950s spent much of his career in the Antarctic, first with Admiral Byrd and later as supervisor of U.S. programs in the South Polar regions. Rear Admiral Dufek was the director of the Mariners' Museumcite web |url= http://www.history.navy.mil/sources/ny/syb.htm |title= Dufek, George J. Papers, 1946-1971 |author= Naval Historical Center |work= Sources on US Naval History in the United States: Syracuse University Ernest S. Bird Library |quote=] in Newport News, Virginia after his retirement from the Navy in 1959.

Background and military career

Born in Rockford, Illinois, he joined the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at his local high school and was appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in 1921. Upon graduation in 1925 he received his ensign's commission and commenced his career aboard the battleship USS Maryland. In 1932 he entered flight training school at the U.S. Navy air station in Pensacola, Florida; after graduating as a naval aviator in 1933 he served as navigator and executive officer on three different ships.

During World War II Dufek commanded a flight training squadron, served as senior naval aviator in Algeria during the invasion of North Africa, assisted in the planning for the invasion of Sicily and Salerno and, after his promotion to captain and subsequent reassignment, the invasion of southern France. In September 1944 he assumed command of the USS Bogue, which sank the final German submarine lost in World War II.

During the Korean War the Navy placed Dufek in command of the USS Antietam, then on Kwajalein in the Pacific and finally at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island in Oak Harbor, Washington.

Arctic experience

With Admiral Byrd

In the spring of 1939 Dufek, at this time a lieutenant, requested and received an assignment with Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd's third expedition to Antarctica, where he served as navigator of the USS Bear, the flagship of the expedition. In recognition of his many hours of exploratory flying over the South Polar continent Dufek later received the Antarctic Expedition Medal.

Operation Highjump

After a brief post-war stint in Japan, Dufek was assigned as chief staff officer to a U.S. Navy-Coast Guard task force to establish weather bases in the polar regions. While there he participated in Operation Highjump, a Naval expedition to Antarctica under the command of Admiral Byrd, during which he made the first flight over the Thurston Peninsula and later rescued six survivors of another flight over the same area. He returned to Washington D.C. briefly but by 1947 was back in the Antarctic, this time commanding a task force sent to supply existing weather stations and to establish new ones near the Pole.

Operation Deepfreeze

In 1954 Dufek joined a special Antarctic planning group preparing for the Navy's Operation Deepfreeze, a scientific polar research expedition. When planning was complete Dufek was given command of Task Force 43 which, with more than 80 officers and 1000 enlisted men, three ice-breakers, and three cargo ships, was charged with logistics and support for the expedition.

Among other accomplishments the task force established bases on Ross Island and in Little America, and on October 31, 1956,cite web |url= http://www.centennialofflight.gov/user/fact_oct.htm |title= Aviation History Facts |author= U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission |quote= October 31 in 1956: The US Navy R4D-5 Skytrain Que Sera Sera, commanded by Rear Admiral George Dufek, becomes the first airplane to make a landing at the South Pole. (Reference: "Aviation Year by Year," Bill Gunston, ed. London: Amber Books Limited, 2001. Dorling Kindersley editions: ISBN 0-75133-367-0, ISBN 0-78947-986-9.)] Admiral Dufek and a crew of sixcite web |url= http://www.southpolestation.com/trivia/igy1/que.html |title= Que Sera Sera |author= Bill Spindler |work= South Pole Station website |publisher= Includes photographs of crew and plane, references include "90° South" by Paul Allen Siple (1959)] became the first Americans to set foot at the South Pole and to plant the American flag, and the first men to land on the pole from the air. After Admiral Byrd's death, Dufek was appointed to succeed him as supervisor of U.S. programs in the South Polar Regions.

He died in 1977, on his 74th birthday.

Awards and recognitions

Among the numerous recognitions and awards he received were the Legion of Merit with two Gold Stars, World War II Victory Medal, Korean Service Medal, Croix de guerre and the Korean Presidential Citation. He was a member of the Legion of Honor with the rank of chevalier, and in August 1957 he received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.

Bibliography

Books by George John Dufek:
* 1957: "Operation Deepfreeze." New York: Harcourt, Brace. ISBN 1-11216-344-1.
* 1959: "Through the Frozen Frontier: The Exploration of Antarctica." Harcourt, Brace. ISBN 1-11298-569-7.
* 1969: "Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd: A Biography." Harcourt, Brace and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary. ASIN|B0007H4TRQ

ee also

References

External links

* [http://library.syr.edu/digital/guides/d/dufek_gj.htm George J. Dufek Papers] at Syracuse University Library Special Collections Research Center