Banksia subser. Banksia

taxobox
name = "Banksia" subser. "Banksia"

---

image_caption = "Banksia serrata" (Saw Banksia), the type species of "Banksia".
regnum = Plantae
unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
unranked_classis = Eudicots
ordo = Proteales
familia = Proteaceae
genus = "Banksia"
subgenus = "B." subg. "Banksia"
series = "B." ser. "Banksia"
subseries = "B." subser. "Banksia"
subseries_authority = K.R.Thiele|

"Banksia" subser. "Banksia" is a valid botanic name for a subseries of "Banksia". It was first used by Kevin Thiele in 1996, although as an autonym it is not considered to have been published "per se". It was discarded by Alex George in 1999.

Cladistics

The name came about after a cladistic analysis of "Banksia" by Thiele and Pauline Ladiges yielded a phylogeny somewhat at odds with the accepted taxonomic arrangement, the 1981 arrangement of George. Thiele and Ladiges' cladogram included a clade consisting of the members of "B." ser. "Banksia" "sensu" George, together with the four members of George's "B." ser. "Crocinae". This clade divided into two subclades:cite journal | author = Thiele, Kevin and Pauline Y. Ladiges | year = 1996 | title = A Cladistic Analysis of Banksia (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 661–733 | doi = 10.1071/SB9960661] clade
1=clade
1="B. ornata"
2="B. serrata"
3="B. aemula"
2=clade
1="B. candolleana"
2=clade
1="B. sceptrum"
2=clade
1=clade
1="B. baxteri"
2="B. speciosa"
2=clade
1="B. menziesii"
2=clade
1="B. burdettii"
2=clade
1="B. victoriae"
2=clade
1="B. hookeriana"
2="B. prionotes"

Taxonomy

Thiele and Ladiges accepted this clade as the basis for their "B." ser. "Banksia", dividing it into two subseries in accordance with their cladogram. "B. ornata" (Desert Banksia), "B. serrata" (Saw Banksia) and "B. aemula" (Wallum Banksia) were placed in "B." subser. "Banksia", and all other species were placed in "B." subser. "Cratistylis". No formal definition of "B." subser. "Banksia" was given, but as an autonym its type species is necessarily that of the genus, "B. serrata". Its three species are all native to the east coast of Australia.

The placement and circumscription of "B." subser. "Banksia" in Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement may be summarised as follows::"Banksia"::"B." subg. "Isostylis" (3 species)::"B. elegans" ("incertae sedis")::"B." subg. "Banksia":::"B." ser. "Tetragonae" (4 species):::"B." ser. "Lindleyanae" (1 species):::"B." ser. "Banksia"::::"B." subser. "Banksia":::::"B. ornata":::::"B. serrata":::::"B. aemula"::::"B." subser. "Cratistylis":::::"B. candolleana":::::"B. sceptrum":::::"B. baxteri":::::"B. speciosa":::::"B. menziesii":::::"B. burdettii":::::"B. victoriae":::::"B. hookeriana":::::"B. prionotes":::"B. baueri" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. lullfitzii" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. attenuata" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. ashbyi" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. coccinea" ("incertae sedis"):::"B." ser. "Prostratae" (8 species):::"B." ser. "Cyrtostylis" (4 species):::"B." ser. "Ochraceae" (4 species):::"B." ser. "Grandes" (2 species):::"B." ser. "Salicinae" (2 subseries, 11 species, 4 subspecies):::"B." ser. "Spicigerae" (3 subseries, 7 species, 6 varieties):::"B." ser. "Quercinae" (2 species):::"B." ser. "Dryandroides" (1 species):::"B." ser. "Abietinae" (4 subspecies, 14 species, 8 subspecies)Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement remained current only until 1999, when George's treatment of the genus for the "Flora of Australia" series of monographs was published. This was essentially a revision of George's 1981 arrangement,The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)] which took into account some of Thiele and Ladiges' data, but rejected their overall arrangement, including "B." subser. "Banksia".cite encyclopedia | last = George | first = Alex S. | authorlink = Alex George | year = 1999 | title = Banksia | editor = Wilson, Annette (ed.) | encyclopedia = Flora of Australia | volume = Volume 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra | pages = 175–251 | location = Collingwood, Victoria | publisher = CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study | id = ISBN 0-643-06454-0]

Recent developments

Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses suggest a phylogeny that is rather different to previous taxonomic arrangements. Although "B." subser. "Banksia" is monophyletic, it is only distantly related to the other taxa in "B." ser. "Banksia", being most closely related to "B." ser. "Ochraceae" and "B." ser. Prostratae.cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R. | year = 1998 | title = Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae ("Banksia" and "Dryandra"; Proteaceae) based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 11 | pages = 321–342 | doi = 10.1071/SB97026] cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R. and Thomas J. Givnish | year = 2002 | title = Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in "Banksia" and "Dryandra" (Proteaceae) based on Their cpDNA phylogeny | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | issue = 8 | pages = 1311–1323 | id = ISSN|0002-9122 | url = http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/89/8/1311 | accessdate=2006-07-02 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.89.8.1311] cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R., Eric H. Jones and Shawn P. Havery | year = 2005 | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | title = An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of "Banksia" with respect to "Dryandra" (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | pages = 75–88 | publisher = CSIRO Publishing / Australian Systematic Botany Society | doi = 10.1071/SB04015]

Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of "Banksia" by transferring "Dryandra" into it, and publishing "B." subg. "Spathulatae" for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons. All members of subseries "Banksia" fall within Mast and Thiele's "B." subg. "Banksia", but no further details have been published. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of "Dryandra" is complete.cite journal | first = Austin | last = Mast | authorlink = Austin Mast | coauthors = Kevin Thiele | year = 2007 | title = The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 20 | pages = 63–71 | doi = 10.1071/SB06016]

References