Banksia ser. Ochraceae

taxobox
name = "Banksia" ser. "Ochraceae"


image_caption = "B. audax", a member of "B." ser. "Ochraceae"
regnum = Plantae
unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
unranked_classis = Eudicots
ordo = Proteales
familia = Proteaceae
genus = "Banksia"
subgenus = "B" subg. "Banksia"
series = "Banksia" ser. "Ochraceae"
series_authority = K.R.Thiele
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = "See text"|

"Banksia" ser. "Ochraceae" is a valid botanic name for a taxonomic series within the plant genus "Banksia". It was published by Kevin Thiele in 1996, but discarded by Alex George in 1999.

Cladistics

The name came about after a cladistic analysis of "Banksia" by Thiele and Pauline Ladiges yielded a phylogeny somewhat at odds with the arrangement of Alex George. They found George's "B." ser. "Cyrtostylis" to be "widely polyphyletic", with six of its fourteen taxa occurring singly in locations throughout the cladogram; these were transferred to other series or left "incertae sedis". The remaining eight taxa formed a clade, which further resolved into two subclades:cite journal | author = Thiele, Kevin and Pauline Y. Ladiges | year = 1996 | title = A Cladistic Analysis of Banksia (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 661–733 | doi = 10.1071/SB9960661] clade
1=clade
1="B. pilostylis"
2=clade
1="B. media"
2="B. epica"
3="B. praemorsa"
2=clade
1="B. benthamiana"
2="B. audax"
3=clade
1=""B. laevigata" subsp. "laevigata"
2=""B. laevigata" subsp. "fuscolutea"

Taxonomy

Thiele and Ladiges preferred to give series rank to the subclades, rather than the entire clade, so they transferred the taxa of the second clade into a new series, retaining only the taxa of the first clade in "B." ser. "Cyrtostylis". The new series was given the name "B." ser. "Ochraceae", from the Latin "ochraceae" ("ochre-coloured"), in reference to the colour of the inflorescences of most species in that series. It was formally defined as containing those species with "linear-terete pollen-presenters that are scarcely distinct from the style, very small, narrowly flabellate-tridentate early seedling leaves, and often browning-orange inflorescences". "B. benthamiana" (Bentham's Banksia) was designated the type species.

The placement and circumscription of "B." ser. "Ochraceae" in Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement of "Banksia" may be summarised as follows::"Banksia"::"B." subg. "Isostylis" (3 species)::"B. elegans" ("incertae sedis")::"B." subg. "Banksia":::"B." ser. "Tetragonae" (4 species):::"B." ser. "Lindleyanae" (1 species):::"B." ser. "Banksia" (2 subseries, 12 species):::"B. baueri" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. lullfitzii" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. attenuata" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. ashbyi" ("incertae sedis"):::"B. coccinea" ("incertae sedis"):::"B." ser. "Prostratae" (8 species):::"B." ser. "Cyrtostylis" (4 species):::"B." ser. "Ochraceae"::::"B. benthamiana"::::"B. audax"::::"B. laevigata":::::"B. laevigata" subsp. "laevigata":::::"B. laevigata" subsp. "fuscolutea":::"B." ser. "Grandes" (2 species):::"B." ser. "Salicinae" (2 series, 11 species, 4 subspecies):::"B." ser. "Spicigerae" (3 series, 7 species, 6 varieties):::"B." ser. "Quercinae" (2 species):::"B." ser. "Dryandroideae" (1 species):::"B." ser. "Abietinae" (4 subseries, 15 species, 8 varieties)Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement remained current only until 1999, when it was overturned by George.

Recent developments

Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses suggest a phylogeny that is rather different to previous taxonomic arrangements. With respect to "B." ser. "Ochraceae", Mast's results differ somewhat from the arrangement of Thiele and Ladiges. "B. benthamiana" and "B. audax" appear to be closely related, but "B. laevigata" forms only one of three polytomous sister clades to it, and the clade corresponding to Thiele and Ladiges' "B." ser. "Cyrtostylis" is not particularly close.cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R. | year = 1998 | title = Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae ("Banksia" and "Dryandra"; Proteaceae) based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 11 | pages = 321–342 | doi = 10.1071/SB97026] cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R. and Thomas J. Givnish | year = 2002 | title = Historical biogeography and the origin of stomatal distributions in "Banksia" and "Dryandra" (Proteaceae) based on Their cpDNA phylogeny | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | issue = 8 | pages = 1311–1323 | id = ISSN|0002-9122 | url = http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/89/8/1311 | accessdate=2006-07-02 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.89.8.1311] cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R., Eric H. Jones and Shawn P. Havery | year = 2005 | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | title = An assessment of old and new DNA sequence evidence for the paraphyly of "Banksia" with respect to "Dryandra" (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | pages = 75–88 | publisher = CSIRO Publishing / Australian Systematic Botany Society | doi = 10.1071/SB04015]

Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of "Banksia" by transferring "Dryandra" into it, and publishing "B." subg. "Spathulatae" for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym "B." subg. "Banksia". All members of "B." ser. "Ochraceae" fall within Mast and Thiele's "B." subg. "Banksia", but nothing further has been published. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of "Dryandra" is complete.cite journal | first = Austin | last = Mast | authorlink = Austin Mast | coauthors = Kevin Thiele | year = 2007 | title = The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 20 | pages = 63–71 | doi = 10.1071/SB06016]

References