List of circumnavigations

Global maritime

* Ferdinand Magellan, 1511–1521 (multiple voyages). In 1511 he visited the Moluccas (3°9′S 129°23′E). He returned to Portugal and set out in 1519 to circumnavigate the globe, while in the service of the Spanish crown. He discovered and sailed through the Strait of Magellan and reached the Philippines in 1521, where he was killed on Cebu (10°5′N 123°33′E). The expedition was completed by Spaniard Juan Sebastian Elcano. Magellan himself did not personally complete a circumnavigation of the Earth in any one single voyage.
* Enrique of Malacca, ?–1521, Magellan's interpreter (multiple voyages). He was captured in Sumatra as a child and taken to the Moluccas where he was sold to Magellan in 1511; he accompanied Magellan on his circumnavigation and ended up on Cebu in the Philippines. He did not complete a circumnavigation of the Earth in one single voyage either.
* The 18 survivors of Ferdinand Magellan's Spanish expedition (which began with 5 ships and 200 men), 1519–1522, in the "Victoria". After Magellan died in the Philippines in 1521, the circumnavigation was completed under the command of the Spanish seafarer Juan Sebastián Elcano who returned to Seville on 8 September, 1522 after a journey of 3 years and 1 month. [Kurlansky, Mark. 1999. "The Basque History of the World". Walker & Company, New York. ISBN 0-8027-1349-1, p. 63] . They were the first to circumnavigate the globe in a single expedition.
* The survivors of García Jofre de Loaysa's Spanish expedition, 1525–1536. None of Loaysa's seven ships completed the voyage, but "Santa María de la Victoria" reached the Moluccas before being wrecked in a Portuguese attack. Fernando de la Torre and eight survivors, including Andrés de Urdaneta, returned to Spain on a Portuguese ship via Cape of Good Hope.
* Francis Drake, 1577–1580, in "Golden Hind". Discovered the Drake Passage but entered the Pacific via the Strait of Magellan.
* Martín Ignacio de Loyola, 1580–1584 and 1585–1589. First person to circumnavigate the world twice, and first one doing so in each of both directions (westwards and eastwards).
* Thomas Cavendish, 1586–1588, in "Desire".
* The survivors of the expeditions of Jacques Mahu and Olivier van Noort, 1598–1601. Of Mahu's five and Van Noort's four ships only two returned.
* Joris van Spilbergen, 1614–1617
* Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire, 1615–1617 in "Eendraght". Discovered Cape Horn; the first expedition to enter the Pacific via the Drake Passage.
* Jacob l'Hermite and John Hugo Schapenham, 1623–1626.
* Pedro Cubero, 1670–1679. First around the world including significant travel overland.
* Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Carreri, 1693–1698. The first tourist to circumnavigate the globe, paying his own way on multiple voyages, crossing Mexico on land.
* William Dampier (English) 1679–1691; 1703–1707; and 1708–1711. First person to circumnavigate the world three times.
* George Anson, 1st Baron Anson, 1740–1744, in HMS "Centurion".
* John Byron, 1764–1766, in HMS "Dolphin".
* Samuel Wallis and Philip Carteret, 1766–1768, in "Dolphin" and HMS "Swallow". Carteret had served on Byron's expedition. "Dolphin" was the first ship to survive two circumnavigations.
* Louis de Bougainville, 1766–1769 On board was Jeanne Baré, disguised as a man, the first woman to circumnavigate the globe.
* James Cook, 1768–1771, in HMS "Endeavour". The first circumnavigation to lose no personnel to scurvy.
* Tobias Furneaux, 1772–1774, in HMS "Adventure". The first circumnavigation from west to east. (Furneaux was a veteran of Byron's expedition so he was also the first person to circumnavigate in both directions.)
* James Cook, 1772–1775 in HMS "Resolution".
* Alessandro Malaspina, 1776–1778.
* Robert Gray, 1787–1790, first American circumnavigation.
* Ignacio Maria de Alava, 1795–1803, in "Montañés", flagship of a Spanish Navy squadron.
* Adam Johann von Krusenstern and Yuri Lisyansky, 1803–1806 first Russian circumnavigation.
* Robert Fitzroy, 1831–1836, in HMS "Beagle" with Charles Darwin.
* The first Galathea expedition, 1845–1847, first Danish circumnavigation.

*CSS Shenandoah 1864-65 only Confederate ship to circumnavigate. Capt. James Waddell
* Casto Méndez Núñez, 1865–1868, aboard "Numancia", first ironclad warship circumnavigation; "Enloricata navis que primo terram circuivit".
* Fernando Villaamil, 1892–1894, aboard "Nautilus", first training ship circumnavigation.
* Joshua Slocum, 1895–1898, first single-handed circumnavigation.
* The Great White Fleet, 1907–1909, first fleet to circumnavigate the world
* Harry Pidgeon, 1921–1925 1932–1937, second single-handed circumnavigation, first person to circumnavigate solo twice.
* Irving Johnson, 1934–1958, sail training pioneer together with his wife Electa "Exy" Johnson, circumnavigated the world 7 times with amateur crews.
* Vito Dumas 1942 single handed circumnavivagation of the southern oceans, including the first single handed passage of all three great capes.
* USS "Triton", 1960 first underwater circumnavigation.
* Robin Lee Graham, 1965-c. 1970, youngest at the time (at age 16-21) solo circumnavigation aboard 24' sailboat "Dove."
* Sir Francis Chichester, 1966–1967, first single-handed circumnavigation with just one port of call.
* Robin Knox-Johnston, 1968–1969, first single-handed non-stop circumnavigation.
* Chay Blyth, 1971, first westwards single-handed non-stop circumnavigation.
* Krystyna Chojnowska-Liskiewicz, 1976–1978, first woman to perform a single-handed circumnavigation.
* Naomi James, 1977–1978, first woman to perform a single-handed circumnavigation via Cape Horn.
* Marvin Creamer (USA), December 21, 1982 – May 17, 1984, only known person to circumnavigate the globe by boat with no nautical aids, not even a compass or watch [http://www.globestar.org/] .
* David Scott Cowper, 1985, first single-handed circumnavigation by motor boat.
* Teddy Seymour, 1987, the first African-American to complete solo single-handed circumnavigation, aboard sailboat "Love Song".
* Tania Aebi, 1985–1987, American woman who completed a solo circumnavigation by the age of 20, one convert|80|nmi|km|-1|sing=on stretch with crew disqualified her from an official record.
* Kay Cottee, 1988, first woman to perform a solo non-stop circumnavigation.
* David Scott Cowper, 1990, first single-handed circumnavigation via the North West Passage.
* Jesse Martin, 1999, youngest person (aged 17-18 years) to perform a solo non-stop circumnavigation.
* Mike Golding, 2001, First person to non-stop circunavigate in both east and west directions. 1993 World record for westabout circunavigation 161 days, Group 4. 2001 Vendee Globe Race 7th position.
* Bruno Peyron, 2005, set current windpowered circumnavigation record, 50 days, 16 hours, 20 minutes, aboard maxi catamaran "Orange II".
* Dee Caffari, 2006, first woman to perform a solo westabout non-stop circumnavigation, in 178 days. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/5000736.stm "wrong-way sailor back on UK soil"] , BBC News. Retrieved May 21, 2006.]

Nonglobal maritime

* Phoenician expedition sent by Pharaoh Necho II, c. 600 BC, first circumnavigation of Africa.
* Roman Governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola, c. 80, first circumnavigation of Britain.
* Jacques Cartier, 1534–1535, first circumnavigation of Newfoundland.
* García de Nodal, 1619, first circumnavigation of Tierra del Fuego.
* James Cook, 1769–1770, first circumnavigation of New Zealand.
* Matthew Flinders, 1801–1803, first circumnavigation of Australia.
* Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, 1878–1879, first circumnavigation of Eurasia, via the Northeast Passage and the Suez Canal.
* RCMP "St Roch" — first vessel to circumnavigate North America. 1940-1942, Vancouver to Halifax, Nova Scotia, via the Northwest Passage. 1950, Halifax to Vancouver, via the Panama Canal.
*, 1954, first vessel to circumnavigate North America in a single voyage.

Record maritime

* Bruno Peyron (French), January–March 2005, fastest circumnavigation 50 days 16 hours 20 minutes 4 seconds.
* Jean Luc van den Heede (French), 2004, fastest westward single-handed circumnavigation, 122 days 14 hours 3 minutes 49 seconds.
* Adrienne Cahalan (Australian), February-March 2004, fastest woman to complete a circumnavigation (crew of "Cheyenne") 58 days 9 hours 32 minutes 45 seconds
* Francis Joyon (French), Nov 2007–Jan 2008, fastest single-handed 57 days, 13 hours, 34 minutes, 6 seconds.
* Jon Sanders holds the world record for completing a single-handed triple circumnavigation.
* The RMS "Queen Mary 2", at 148,528 gross tons, became the world's largest passenger ship to circumnavigate the globe during her 2007 world cruise.

Aviation

* United States Army Air Service, 1924, first aerial circumnavigation, 175 days, covering 44,360 kilometres (27,553 miles).
* Baron F. M. Koenig Warthausen, starting in September 1928 circumnavigated the globe solo over the next two years.
* LZ-127 "Graf Zeppelin", 1929, piloted by Hugo Eckener set a record for the fastest aerial circumnavigation, 21 days, which was also the first circumnavigation in an airship.
* On July 1, 1931, pilot Wiley Post and navigator Harold Gatty completed their circumnavigation of the world in a Lockheed Vega aeroplane, "Winnie Mae", in 8 days, 15 hours and 51 minutes; the record for fastest circumnavigation was once again held by an aeroplane.
* In 1932 Wolfgang von Gronau flew around the World with a twin engine Dornier seaplane, "Gronland-Wal" D-2053, in nearly four months, making 44 stops en route. He was accompanied by co-pilot Gerth von Roth, mechanic Franzl Hack, and radio operator Frtiz Albrecht. [ [http://www.wingnet.org/rtw/rtw002i.htm "Round-the-World Flights"] , from WingNet. Retrieved May 14, 2006.]
* In 1933 Wiley Post repeated his circumnavigation by aeroplane, but this time solo, using an autopilot and radio direction finder. He made the first solo aerial circumnavigation in a time one day faster than his previous record: 7 days, 19 hours, 49 minutes, in which he covered 25,110 kilometres (15,596 mi).
* In 1949 the United States Air Force B-50 Superfortress "Lucky Lady II" made the first non-stop aerial circumnavigation in 94 hours and 1 minute. Four in-air refuelings were required for the flight, which covered 37,743 kilometres (23,452 mi).
* In 1961 Yuri Gagarin made the first human flight in space, and completed the first orbit of the Earth, in "Vostok 1", in 108 minutes.
* The second and third orbital circumnavigations, the first two to have multiple orbits, were made by Gherman Titov (17.5 orbits, a little over a day, for the Soviet Union) and John Glenn, in "Friendship 7" (3 orbits, almost five hours, for the USA, first American orbital flight), respectively.
* Geraldine Mock, 1964, first woman to complete a solo aerial circumnavigation.
* "Apollo 8", 1968, first human circumnavigation of the Earth-Moon system, 10 orbits around the moon in about 20 hours; total trip to the moon and back was more than 6 Earth days.
* Don Taylor, 1976, first general aviation circumnavigation by homebuilt aircraft.
* Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, 1986, Voyager, first non-refueled circumnavigation in an airplane, 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds.
* In 1992 an Air France Concorde achieved the fastest non-orbital circumnavigation in 32 hours 49 minutes and 3 seconds.
* Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones, 1999, first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in "Breitling Orbiter 3", 19 days, 1 hour and 49 minutes, covering 42,810 kilometres.
* Polly Vacher, 2001, in the smallest aircraft flown in a solo circumnavigation by a woman, via Australia and the Pacific.
* Steve Fossett, 2 July 2002, first solo balloon circumnavigation.
* Steve Fossett, 3 March, 2005, first non-stop, non-refueled solo circumnavigation in an airplane, 67 hours, covering 37,000 kilometres.
* Steve Fossett, 11 February, 2006, longest non-stop, non-refueled solo flight (with circumnavigation) in an airplane, covering 42,469.5 kilometres (26,389.3 mi), in 76 hours and 45 minutes. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4704762.stm "Fossett flies to non-stop record"] , from BBC News. Retrieved 11 February, 2006.] [ [http://www.virginatlanticglobalflyer.com/News/landing_unscheduled.jsp "Steve lands as an uninvited guest!"] , from Virgin Global Flyer. Retrieved 11 February, 2006.]

Mixed transportation

* Thomas Stevens was the first person to circle the globe by bicycle. The feat was accomplished between 1884 and 1886. While impressive at the time, a good portion of the trip was by steamer due to technical and political reasons.
* George Matthew Schilling is reputed to have walked around the world between 1897 and 1904, though this feat was unverified.
* David Kunst was the first verified person to walk around the world between June 20, 1970 and October 10, 1974.
* Arthur Blessit has been walking around the world carrying a wooden cross since the 1960s.
* Heinz Stucke has been cycling around the world since 1965.
* Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Charles Burton and their team circumnavigated 'vertically' via the two poles on the Transglobe Expedition.
* Robert Garside achieved the first fully-authenticated run around the world between 1997-2003, taking 2,062 days to cover 30,000 miles across 29 countries and 6 continents [ [http://www.nypost.com/seven/03272007/news/worldnews/around_world_runner_honored_worldnews_.htm Around-World Runner Honoured] from the New York Post] .
* Colin Angus circumnavigated the northern hemisphere solely by human power in 2006 but did not qualify under the Guinness guidelines as a human powered circumnavigation. His attempt however was recognized by Naitonal Geographic however as the first human powered circumnavigation [ [http://press.nationalgeographic.com/pressroom/index.jsp?pageID=pressReleases_detail&siteID=1&cid=1163531707116 "Human-Powered Circumnavigation"] ] .
* Jason Lewis completed a human powered circumnavigation in 2007 which reached antipodal points. However it still failed to meet Guinness rules for a human powered circumnavigation [Outside Magazine, October 2007] .
* Mark Beaumont broke the record for cycling around globe in 2008. He began his attempt on August 5th 2007 and completed the 18,297 mile journey across 4 continents and 21 countries 194 days and 17 hours later on February 15th 2008. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7245381.stm "Scot Smashes World Cycle Record"] ] .

Fictional

The most famous circumnavigation never happened. This is the story told in Jules Verne's 1872 adventure novel, "Around the World in Eighty Days". Upper class Englishman Phileas Fogg and his servant Passepartout use a variety of transportation means and ingenuity to accomplish the adventurous feat. The book is a tribute to the new transportation possibilities of the early Industrial Revolution, with the coming of steamships, railways, etc. As this circumnavigation did not cross the Equator or reach antipodal points, it would not have been recognized by Guinness' Records as an official circumnavigation (if such a thing had existed at that time). British actor Michael Palin followed the route as closely as possible in his television series of the same title [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Palin:_Around_the_World_in_80_Days ]

References