Rutan Voyager

infobox Aircraft
name =Model 76 Voyager
type =Record plane
manufacturer = Rutan Aircraft Factory

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caption =Voyager returning from its flight
designer = Burt Rutan
first flight =22 June 1984
introduced =1984
retired =1987
status =
primary user =
more users =
produced =
number built =1
unit cost =
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The Model 76 Voyager was the first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling. It was piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, who took off from Edwards Air Force Base's 15,000 foot (4,600 m) runway in the Mojave Desert on December 14, 1986. Their flight ended successfully 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds later, on December 23. They flew westerly 26,366 statute miles (42,432 km; the FAI accredited distance is 40,212 km) [cite web|url=http://records.fai.org/general_aviation/aircraft.asp?id=2696|title=Official FAI database|accessdate=2007-09-05] at an average altitude of 11,000 feet (3.4 km). This definitively broke a previous record set by a United States Air Force crew piloting a Boeing B-52 that flew 12,532 miles (20,168 km) in 1962.

Record flight

Voyager's takeoff took place at 8:01 AM local time. As the plane accelerated, the tips of the wings, which were heavily loaded with fuel, were damaged as they scraped against the runway (see photo below), ultimately causing pieces (winglets) to break off at both ends. The aircraft accelerated very slowly and needed approximately 14,200 feet (2.7 mi)(4.3 km) of the runway to gain enough speed to lift from the ground, the wings arching up dramatically just before take-off. During the flight, the two pilots had to deal with extremely cramped quarters. To reduce stress, the two intended to fly the plane in three-hour shifts, but this did not prove to be very successful and they became extremely fatigued.

The plane also continuously reminded the pilots of its pitch instability and fragility. They had to maneuver around bad weather numerous times, most perilously around the 600 mile (1,000 km) wide Typhoon Marge. Libya denied access to the country's airspace, forcing precious fuel to be used. As they neared California to land, a fuel pump failed and had to be replaced with its twin pumping fuel from the other side of the aircraft. The plane safely came back to Earth, touching down at 8:06 AM at the same airfield. The average speed for the flight was 116 miles per hour (187 km/h).

Aircraft development

The aircraft was first imagined by Jeana Yeager, Dick and his brother Burt Rutan as they were at lunch in 1981. Like many other inventions, the initial idea was first sketched out on the back of a napkin. Voyager was built in Mojave, California, over a period of 5 years. The Voyager was built mainly by a group of volunteers working under both the Rutan Aircraft Factory and an organization set up under the name Voyager Aircraft (it was not, as is sometimes believed, built by Scaled Composites). [http://scaled.com/projects/voyager.html Scaled Composites' Voyager web page] ]

The airframe, largely made of fiberglass, carbon fiber, and Kevlar, weighed 939 pounds (426 kg) when empty [ [http://collections.nasm.si.edu/code/emuseum.asp?style=single&currentrecord=3&page=search&profile=objects&searchdesc=rutan%20voyager&quicksearch=rutan%20voyager&newvalues=1&newstyle=expanded&newcurrentrecord=3 Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum] ] . However, when it was fully loaded before the historic flight, it weighed 9,694.5 pounds (4 397 kg). The aircraft had an estimated lift to drag ratio (L/D) of 27 [David Noland, "Steve Fossett and Burt Rutan's Ultimate Solo: Behind the Scenes," "Popular Mechanics", Feb. 2005 ( [http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/air_space/1262012.html?page=3 web version] )] .

Voyager had front and rear propellers, powered by separate engines. The rear engine, a water-cooled Teledyne Continental IOL-200, was planned to be operated throughout the flight. The front engine, an air-cooled Teledyne Continental O-240, was operated to provide additional power for takeoff and the initial part of the flight at heavy weights.

Voyager is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC.

pecifications

aerospecs
ref= [http://collections.nasm.si.edu/code/emuseum.asp?style=browse&currentrecord=1&page=search&profile=objects&searchdesc=rutan%20voyager&quicksearch=rutan%20voyager&newvalues=1&newstyle=single&newcurrentrecord=3 Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum]
met or eng?=eng

genhide=

crew=Two pilots
capacity=
length m=8.90
length ft=29
length in=2
span m=33.80
span ft=110
span in=8
swept m=
swept ft=
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rot number=
rot dia m=
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dia ft=
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width m=
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height m=3.10
height ft=10
height in=3
wing area sqm=
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empty weight kg=1020.6
empty weight lb= 2250
gross weight kg=4397.4
gross weight lb=9694.5

eng1 number=1
eng1 type=Teledyne Continental O-240
eng1 kw= 100
eng1 hp=130

eng2 number=1
eng2 type=Teledyne Continental IOL-200
eng2 kw=81
eng2 hp=110

perfhide=

max speed kmh=196
max speed mph=122
max speed mach=
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range km=42,212
range miles=24,986
endurance h=216
endurance min=
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ee also

*The Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer was a jet-powered aircraft also designed by Burt Rutan and built by Scaled Composites, in which Steve Fossett made the first "solo" nonstop flight around the world in 2005.
*VSS Voyager is another Burt Rutan designed craft.

References

*David H. Onkst. [http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/rutan/EX32.htm Dick Rutan, Jeana Yeager, and the Flight of the Voyager.] U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission.