Christian Ernst Stahl

Christian Ernst Stahl
Born	June 21 1848 Alsace
Died	Dec 3 1919
Citizenship	German
Fields	botany

Christian Ernst Stahl (June 21, 1848 - December 3, 1919) was a German botanist who was a native of Schiltigheim, Alsace. He studied botany at the University of Strasbourg with Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet (1838-1902), and at the University of Halle under Anton de Bary (1831-1888). He earned his doctorate in 1874, and later became an assistant to Julius von Sachs (1832-1897) at the University of Würzburg. He was appointed extraordinary professor at the University of Strasbourg and, after just one year, he attained the chair of botany at the University of Jena in 1881. Here he also was director of the botanical garden. During the winter of 1889-1890, he took a scientific expedition to Ceylon and Java, and in 1894 travelled to Mexico. Two of his better-known students were Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (1867-1941) and Hans Kniep (1881-1930).

Stahl is remembered for his pioneer experiments in ecophysiology, and his research involving the developmental history of lichens. He was able to induce the synthesis of the lichen Endocarpon pusillum from spores and algal material, including formation of apothecia, and thus he made a strong experimental case for the hypothesis by Simon Schwendener (1829-1919) that lichens are twin fungal-algal organisms. He also performed important studies regarding the symbiotic relationship between mycorrhiza and tree roots. Other contributions by Stahl included studies concerning the influence of light on plants - he described the anatomy of sun and shade leaves - the effects of moisture and dryness on the formation of leaves, and the role of stomata in xerophytes and mesophytes. He also worked on plant defence against snail and slug herbivory and a plethora of other botanical and ecological questions.

Selected scientific works

• Entwickelung und Anatomie der Lenticellen. (Evolution and Anatomy of Lenticel); Leipzig 1873.
• Beiträge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Flechten. Leipzig 1877.
• Über den Einfluß von Richtung und Stärke der Beleuchtung auf einige Bewegungserscheinungen im Pflanzenreich. Leipzig 1880.
• Über sogenannte Kompaßpflanzen. (treatise about Compass Plants); Jena 1883.
• Über den Einfluß des sonnigen oder schattigen Standortes auf die Ausbildung der Laubblätter. (Concerning Sun and Shade on the Formation of Leaves on Deciduous Trees); Jena 1883.
• Einfluß des Lichtes auf den Geotropismus einiger Pflanzenorgane. (Influence of Light concerning Geotropism of Plants); Berlin 1884.
• Zur Biologie der Myxomyceten (the Biology of Slime Mold). Leipzig 1884.
• Pflanzen und Schnecken. Eine biologische Studie über die Schutzmittel der Pflanzen gegen Schneckenfraß. (Plants and Snails, A Biological Study regarding Protection of Plants against Slugs); Jena 1888.

References

• Mägdefrau, Karl (1992) Geschichte der Botanik: Leben und Leistung grosser Forscher. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.

Persondata
Name	Stahl, Ernst
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	June 21, 1848
Place of birth	Alsace
Date of death	December 3, 1919
Place of death