1st Royal New South Wales Lancers

1st Royal New South Wales Lancers
Cap badge of the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers
Active	1885–1956
Country	Australia
Branch	Army
Type	Line Cavalry
Size	One regiment
Garrison/HQ	Parramatta, New South Wales
Engagements	Second Boer War First World War Second World War

The 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers was a former Australian Army light cavalry (reconnaissance) regiment. Its complicated lineage includes the New South Wales Lancers which were first formed as a colonial unit in 1885, and subsequently saw action in the Second Boer War, and later during First World War at Gallipoli and Palestine as the 1st Light Horse Regiment. The unit subsequently served during the Second World War as the 1st Armoured Regiment equipped with Matilda tanks, fighting the Japanese in New Guinea and Borneo.

The Lancers were reformed after the war in 1948 as a reserve formation in the Citizens Military Forces known as the 1st Armoured Regiment (Royal New South Wales Lancers). In 1949 the regiment was renamed the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers however, in order to reallocate the former name to the tank regiment that was to be established in the new Australian Regular Army. In 1956 the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers was merged with the 15th Northern River Lancers to create the 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers, a unit which continues to serve today in the Australian Army Reserve.

History

Formation

The 1st Light Horse Regiment was formed at Rosebury Park in Sydney following the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, as part of the raising of a 20,000 man expeditionary force known as the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). The new regiment was raised mainly from volunteers of the 7th Australian Light Horse (New South Wales Lancers), an existing militia unit based in Sydney and on the New South Wales south coast whose complicated lineage included the New South Wales Lancers which were first formed as a colonial unit in 1885, and later served in the Second Boer War.^[1][2] Together they formed the bulk of Regimental Headquarters, and A and B Squadrons, while AIF volunteers made up the remainder of the new unit. Among them were veterans of the New South Wales Lancers who had fought in South Africa.^[1] Sailing from Sydney on 19 October, the 1st Light Horse disembarked in Egypt on 8 December 1914 and later went on to fight in Gallipoli and Palestine as part of the 1st Light Horse Brigade until the war ended in 1918.^[2]

Serving in the part-time Citizens Force (later known as the "Militia") after the war, the Lancers were designated as successors to the 1st Light Horse Regiment, and they consequently inherited the former unit's battle honours.^[3] The Regiment continued as the 1st Light Horse Regiment until 1929, its ranks augmented with conscripts. In 1929 universal service ended however, and the unit was linked with the 21st Light Horse to become the 1st/21st Light Horse (New South Wales Lancers) in the wake of the Great Depression.^[1] In 1935 the regiment received the prefix 'Royal', while the 1st and 21st Light Horse were uncoupled the following year. The unit was subsequently converted into a motorised machine-gun regiment, and was renamed the 1st Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment (Royal New South Wales Lancers).^[3]

Second World War

An Australian Matilda Frog flamethrower tank in Borneo, 1945.

At the start of the Second World War, due to the limitations of the Defence Act (1903), which prevented the government from sending the Militia to fight outside Australian territory, it was decided to raise an all volunteer force to serve overseas. This force was known as the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF),^[4] and many of the 1st Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment's members volunteered. Assigned to the 2nd/2nd Machine Gun Battalion, they took part in the fighting in the Mediterranean theatre.^[1] Originally converted from the 1st Armoured Car Regiment on 5 January 1940, in December 1941 the regiment became the 1st Machine Gun Regiment and was given its first operational role securing the northern Newcastle beaches as part of the Newcastle Covering Force.^[3][5]

In March 1942 the regiment was again renamed, being converted to the 1st Motor Regiment.^[5] This change was short lived however, and it was changed again in May to the 1st Tank Battalion, becoming part of the 3rd Army Tank Brigade, equipped with Matilda tanks.^[5] In 1943 the unit became part of the 4th Armoured Brigade and was designated as an AIF unit, thus allowing it to be deployed to any theatre of the conflict.^[3] Later, after completing training in Caboolture, Queensland it deployed to New Guinea in August 1943 where it supported the 9th Division fighting the Japanese 20th Division around Lae, on the Huon Peninsula and around Finschhafen, Sattelberg and Lakona. The unit was then withdrawn to Australia in mid-1944.^[3][6] During the fighting the tanks had performed well, and despite the difficult jungle terrain, the suitability of the Matilda for such operations had been proven with the Australians effectively employing combined arms tactics against which the Japanese had no effective response.^[7]

On 1 June the unit was renamed the 1st Armoured Regiment.^[3][5] The unit then spent the next year in training, and during this time it was based at Southport, Queensland. In May 1945 it took part in the amphibious landings at Balikpapan in support of the 7th Division, being involved in one of the final Australian campaigns of the war in Borneo.^[3] Landing with the infantry, the tanks—including newly modified Matilda Frog flamethrower tanks—mainly operated in small detachments in close support of the troops, even though the terrain offered the opportunity for more mobile tactics to be employed. Although the Australians were ultimately successful, casualties among the infantry were heavy and during this time the regiment was involved in some hard fighting, with the Japanese able to make effective use of strong natural defences in conjunction with minefields and anti-tank ditches in order to compensate for their lack of anti-tank guns. With the fighting coming to a conclusion however, tank operations ceased on 24 July.^[8] In total, casualties suffered by the regiment during the war included 14 dead.^[3]

Post-war era

Following the end of the war the Australian Army was demobilised. In 1948, the Citizens Military Forces (CMF) was re-raised, albeit on a reduced establishment of two divisions.^[9] As a part of this force, the regiment was reconstituted as a reserve formation on 1 April 1948, adopting the designation of the 1st Armoured Regiment (Royal New South Wales Lancers), in recognition of its previous history.^[10] During this time the regiment continued to operate Matilda tanks and was based at Lancer Barracks in Parramatta, in New South Wales.^[11] However, in 1949 the regiment was renamed the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers and its battle honours and history were perpetuated by this unit, in order to reallocate the former name to the tank regiment that was to be established in the new Australian Regular Army.^{[1][3][Note 1]} Later, in 1956 the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers merged with the 15th Northern River Lancers to form the 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers, equipped with a small number of Centurion tanks. This unit continues to serve today as a part-time unit in the Australian Army Reserve.^[1]

Battle honours

• Boer War: South Africa 1899–1902;^[1]
• First World War: Defence of Anzac, Sari Bair, Romani, Magdhaba-Rafah, Gaza-Beersheba, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Jericho, Jordan (Amman);^[2]
• Second World War: South-West Pacific 1943–45, Finschhafen, Sattelberg, Wareo, Liberation of Australian New Guinea, Wareo–Lakona, Gusika–Fortification Point, Borneo, Balikpapan, and Milford Highway.^[3]

Notes

Footnotes

1. ^ See 1st Armoured Regiment (Australia).

Citations

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} "1st RNSWL". New South Wales Lancers Memorial Museum. 2010. http://www.lancers.org.au/site/1st_Light_Horse.asp. Retrieved 15 June 2010. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "1st Light Horse Regiment". Australian War Memorial. http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_10549.asp. Retrieved 8 September 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} "Unit Information—1st Armoured Regiment, World War II". Australian War Memorial. http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_13757second_world_war.asp. Retrieved 31 October 2009. 
4. ^ Grey 2008, p. 146.
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Hopkins 1978, p. 319.
6. ^ Hopkins 1978, p. 128.
7. ^ Hopkins 1978, p. 137–138.
8. ^ Hopkins 1978, pp. 166–173.
9. ^ Grey 2008, pp. 200–201.
10. ^ Hopkins 1978, p. 323.
11. ^ Hopkins 1978, p. 183.

References

• Grey, Jeffrey (2008). A Military History of Australia (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-69791-0. 
• Hopkins, R.N.L. (1978). Australian Armour: A History of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 1927–1972. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-642-99407-2.