Pierre Bernard (yogi)

For other people named Pierre Bernard, see Pierre Bernard (disambiguation).

Pierre Bernard on trial for abduction in New York in 1910
Born	31 October 1875(1875-10-31) Leon, Iowa, USA
Died	27 September 1955(1955-09-27) (aged 79) New York City, USA

Pierre Arnold Bernard (dubbed "The Great Oom", "Omnipotent Oom" or "Oom the Magnificent"^[1]) was a pioneering American yogi, scholar, occultist, philosopher, mystic and businessman; he held a notorious reputation as a con man, seducer and philanderer.^[2]

Due to his practice of keeping his origins obscure, little is known positively about his early life. He is reported to have been born Perry Baker or Peter Coon^[3] in Leon, Iowa, 31 October 1875,^[4] the son of a barber.^[5] He also called himself Homer Stansbury Leeds at some point.^[5]

He claimed to have traveled to Kashmir and Bengal before founding the Tantrik Order of America in 1905,^[4] variously reported as starting in San Francisco, Seattle, Tacoma, Washington, or in Portland, Oregon; the New York Sanskrit College in 1910; and the Clarkstown Country Club (originally called the Braeburn Country Club), a seventy-two acre estate with a thirty room mansion^[2] in Nyack, New York, a gift from a disciple,^[5] in 1918. He eventually expanded to a chain of tantric clinics in places such as Cleveland, Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York City. Bernard is widely credited with being the first American to introduce the philosophy and practices of yoga and tantra to the American people.^[4] He also played a critical role in establishing a greatly exaggerated association of tantra with the use of sex for mystical purposes in the American mindset.^[2]

In 1910, two teenage girls, Zella Hopp and Gertrude Leo,^[5] feeling that he had taken too much psychic control over their lives, had him charged with kidnapping (alleging that Leo had been prevented three times from leaving the institute)^[5] and briefly imprisoned.^[2] Hopp reported that, for a pre-induction, Bernard had her strip and placed his hand upon her left breast, explaining that he was testing her heartbeat. "I cannot tell you how Bernard got his control over me or how he gets it over other people. He is the most wonderful man in the world. No women seem able to resist him.... He had promised to marry me many times. But when he began the same thing with my little sister [Mary, age sixteen] I decided I would expose the whole matter. If it had only been myself I wouldn't have done it for the whole world." Three months later, the charges were dropped.^[5]

He remained popular with upper middle class women and the high society of New York throughout the 1920s and 30s. He married Blanche de Vries, who taught yoga in New York into her eighties.^[4] At some point, he shifted his attentions to more conventional businesses, including baseball stadiums, dog tracks, an airport, and became becoming president of the State Bank of Pearl River in 1931.^[2]

Lecturers at the Clarkstown Country Club included Ruth Fuller Everett and Leopold Stokowski. Among Bernard's students there was Ida Pauline Rolf.^[6] Scholars from across the US visited Bernard's library, said to have been the best Sanskrit collection in the country and to contain some 7000 volumes of philosophy, ethics, psychology, education, metaphysics, and related material on physiology and medicine, to do research.^[7]

He was uncle of Theos Bernard,^[8] an American scholar of religion, explorer and famous practitioner of Yoga and Tibetan Buddhism.
He was also a relative of Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan,^[9] a Sufi teacher.

Notes

1. ^ Stirling 2006, pg. 6
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Urban
3. ^ Tantra in America
4. ^ ^{a b c d} Stirling 2006, pg. 7
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Pierre Arnold Bernard
6. ^ Stirling 2006, pg. 8
7. ^ Library of Pierre Arnold Bernard
8. ^ "The Life and Works of Theos Bernard". http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/theos_bernard_scholar.html. Retrieved 2008-05-27. 
9. ^ Columbia University Health Sciences Library: Archives & Special Collections. This is a link to a .doc file, but you can also see it as html. See the content of "Box 20" and "Box 21".

References

• Stirling, Isabel. "Zen Pioneer: The Life & Works of Ruth Fuller Sasaki".
• Urban, Hugh B. The Omnipotent Oom
• The Library of Pierre Arnold Bernard
• Tantra in America
• Pierre Arnold Bernard
• Iowa Swami Who Beguiled the Jazz Age. Review of The Great Oom: The Improbable Birth of Yoga in America, by Robert Love. By Janet Maslin. April 14, 2010
• Upward Dog. Review of The Great Oom: The Improbable Birth of Yoga in America, by Robert Love. By Philip Kennicott, The New Republic. 15 June 2010.

External links

• Omnipotent Oom
• R. Stringer-Hye's
• NPR interview with author Robert Love about his 2010 biography of Bernard "The Great Oom: The Improbable Birth of Yoga in America"

Persondata
Name	Bernard, Pierre
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	31 October 1875
Place of birth	Leon, Iowa, USA
Date of death	27 September 1955
Place of death	New York City, USA