Kofa National Wildlife Refuge

Infobox_protected_area | name = Kofa National Wildlife Refuge
iucn_category = IV

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caption =
locator_x = 44
locator_y = 114
location = Yuma County and La Paz County, Arizona, USA
nearest_city = Yuma, AZ
lat_degrees =
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lat_direction = N
long_degrees =
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long_direction = W
area = convert|665400|acre|km2
established = 1939
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visitation_year =
governing_body = US Fish & Wildlife ServiceThe Kofa National Wildlife Refuge is located northeast of Yuma, Arizona, in the southwestern United States. The refuge, established in 1939 to protect Desert Bighorn Sheep, encompasses over convert|665400|acre|km2 of Sonoran Desert. Broad, gently sloping foothills as well as sharp, needle point peaks are found within the rugged refuge. The small, widely scattered waterholes attract a surprising number of water birds for a desert area. A wide variety of plant life is also found throughout the refuge. The Kofa name comes from a former gold mine found in the area, the King of Arizona mine (active from 1897 to 1910), with "Kofa" being contracted from "King of Arizona".

History

In 1936, the Arizona boy scouts mounted a state-wide campaign to save the Bighorn Sheep, leading to the creation of Kofa. The Scouts first became interested in the sheep through the efforts of Major Frederick Russell Burnham, the noted conservationist who has been called the "Father of Scouting". Burnham observed that fewer than 150 of these sheep still lived in the Arizona mountains. He called George F. Miller, then scout executive of the boy scout council headquartered in Phoenix, with a plan to save the sheep. Burnham put it this way:
"I want you to save this majestic animal, not only because it is in danger of extinction, but of more importance, some day it might provide domestic sheep with a strain to save them from disaster at the hands of a yet unknown virus."cite journal| author=Edward H. Saxton| date=March 1978| year=1978| month= March| title=Saving the Desert Bighorns | journal=Desert Magazine| volume =41| issue=3|issn= |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/2404512/197803DesertMagazine1978March |accessdate=2008-04-27]

Several other prominent Arizonans joined the movement and a "save the bighorns" poster contest was started in schools throughout the state. Burnham provided prizes and appeared in store windows from one end of Arizona to the other. The contest-winning bighorn emblem was made up into neckerchief slides for the 10,000 boy scouts, and talks and dramatizations were given at school assemblies and on radio. The National Wildlife Federation, the Issac Walton League, and the Audubon Society also joined the effort.cite journal| author=Edward H. Saxton| date=March 1978| year=1978| month= March| title=Saving the Desert Bighorns | journal=Desert Magazine| volume =41| issue=3|issn= |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/2404512/197803DesertMagazine1978March |accessdate=2008-04-27]

On January 18, 1939, over 1.5 million acres were set aside at Kofa and at Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge combined and a civilian conservation corp side camp was setup to develop high mountain waterholes for the sheep. On April 2, 1939, Kofa National Wildlife Refuge was officially opened and Major Burnham gave the dedication speech. The Desert Bighorn Sheep is now the official mascot for the Arizona Boy Scouts and the number of sheep in these parks have increased substantially. The refuge was originally administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, but on February 15, 1975, Kofa was transferred to the Bureau of Land Management.cite journal| author=Edward H. Saxton| date=March 1978| year=1978| month= March| title=Saving the Desert Bighorns | journal=Desert Magazine| volume =41| issue=3|issn= |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/2404512/197803DesertMagazine1978March |accessdate=2008-04-27]

Wildlife

About 1,000 Desert Bighorn sheep are found, chiefly in the two mountain ranges that dominate the refuge landscape - the Kofa Mountains and Castle Dome Mountains of northern Yuma County and southern La Paz County. Although these mountains are not especially high, they are extremely rugged and rise sharply from the surrounding desert plains, providing excellent bighorn sheep habitat. In recent years, this herd has provided animals for transplanting throughout Arizona and its neighboring states.

Other notable wildlife species found in the area include the Desert Tortoise and Kit Fox. Bird species that are likely to be seen at Kofa include: White-winged Dove, American Kestrel, Northern Flicker, Say's Phoebe, Cactus Wren, Phainopepla, and Orange-crowned Warbler. In recent years, the Mountain Lion has established a full-time presence in the park.

Plants

The Kofa Mountain barberry, "Berberis" "harrisoniana", (a rare plant found only in southwest Arizona) occurs on the refuge. The refuge is also home to the California fan palm, the only native palm in Arizona.

Visiting

The refuge is an excellent place for viewing desert plants and wildlife, rock climbing, exploring old mines, or just camping in remote wilderness, but few travel to this region in summer, when temperatures of over 120 °F (49 °C) are not uncommon. Rain falls on only a few occasions each year.

Regulated hunting on the refuge is permitted for quail, bighorn sheep, deer, cottontail rabbit, coyote, and fox.

Kofa was also included in the desert military training exercises conducted by General George S. Patton during World War II. Unexploded ordnance may be encountered during cross-country hiking.

ee also

*Kofa Mountains

References

* [http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=22570 Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Service]
* [http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/kofa/wildlife_refuge.html Kofa National Wildlife Refuge and Palm Canyon, Arizona]