Bosscha Observatory

Infobox Observatory
name = Bosscha Observatory


caption =
organization = Institut Teknologi Bandung
location = Lembang, West Java, Indonesia
coords = coord|6|49|00|S|107|36|0|E|type:landmark
altitude = 1,310 m (4,296 ft)
weather =
established = 1923
closed =
website= [http://bosscha.itb.ac.id Bosscha at ITB]
telescope1_name = Zeiss Telescope
telescope1_type = 60 cm Double Refractor
telescope2_name = Schmidt "Bima Sakti" Telescope
telescope2_type = 71.12cm Schmidt Reflector
telescope3_name = The Bamberg Refractor
telescope3_type = 37 cm Refractor
telescope4_name = The Cassegrain GOTO
telescope4_type = Cassegrain
telescope5_name = The Unitron Refractor
telescope5_type = Refractor

Bosscha Observatory is the oldest observatory in Indonesia. The observatory is located in Lembang, West Java, approximately km to mi|15|abbrv=yes north of Bandung. It is situated on a hilly six hectares of land and is m to ft|1310|abbr=yes above mean sea level plateau. The IAU observatory code for Bosscha is 299.

History

During the first meeting of the Nederlandsch-Indische Sterrekundige Vereeniging or the Dutch-Indies Astronomy Association in the 1920s, it was agreed that an observatory was needed to study astronomy in the Dutch East Indies. Of all locations in the Indonesia archipelago, a tea plantation in Malabar, a few kilometers north of Bandung in West Java was selected. It is the north hilly side of the city with a non-obstructive view to the sky and with the closest access to city that was being planned to the new capital of the Dutch colony replacing Batavia (the present-day of Jakarta). The observatory is named after the tea plantation owner Karel Albert Rudolf Bosscha, son of the physicist Johannes Bosscha and a major force in the development of science and technology in the Dutch Indies, who granted six hectares of his area for the new observation.

Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. Since then, a continuous observation to the sky has been made and the first international publication from Bosscha was published in 1922. During the war, observations from Bosscha were halted and after the war, a major reconstruction was necessary made to fix the damage. On 17 October 1951, the Dutch-Indies Astronomy Association relinquished the operation of the observatory to the government of Indonesia. In 1959, the observatory's operation was given to the Institut Teknologi Bandung and has been an integral part of the research and formal education of astronomy in Indonesia.

Facilities

Five large telescopes were installed in Bosscha:

# The Zeiss double refractor
#:This telescope is mainly used to observe visual binary stars, conduct photometric studies on eclipsing binaries|, image lunar craters, observe planets (Mars, Saturn and Jupiter) and to observe comet details and other heavy bodies. The telescope has two objective lenses with a diameter of cm to in|60|abbr=yes each and a focal length of m to ft|10.7|abbr=yes.
# The Schmidt telescope (nicknamed: "Bima Sakti" telescope)
#: This telescope is used to study galactic structure, stellar spectra, asteroid studies, supernovae, and to photograph heavy bodies. The main lens diameter is cm to in|71.12|abbr=yes, the correcting bi-concave and convex lens is cm to in|50|abbr=yes with a focal length of m to ft|2.5|abbr=yes. It is also equipped with a spectral prism with a prime angle of 6.10 degrees for stellar spectra, a wedge sensitometer and a film recorder.
# The Bamberg refractor
#: This telescope is used to determine stellar magnitude, stellar distance, and photometric studies of eclipsing stars, solar imaging, and others. It is equipped with a photoelectric photometer a cm to in|37|abbr=yes lens diameter and a m to ft|7|abbr=yes meter focal length.
# The Cassegrain GOTO
#: This was a gift from the Japanese government. This computer controlled telescope can automatically view objects from a database and this was the first digital telescope at Bosscha. The telescope is also equipped with a photometer and spectrometer-spectrograph.
# The Unitron refractor
#: This telescope is used for observing hilal, lunar eclipse, solar eclipse and sunspot photography, and also other objects. Lens diameter is cm to in|13|abbr=yes and a focal length of cm to in|87|abbr=yes.

Directors

1923 - 1940 : Dr. J. Voûte
1940 - 1942 : Dr. Aernout de Sitter
1942 - 1946 : Prof. Dr. Masashi Miyaji
1946 - 1949 : Prof. Dr. J. Hins
1949 - 1958 : Prof. Dr. Gale Bruno van Albada
1958 - 1959 : Prof. Dr. O. P. Hok dan Santoso Nitisastro (temporary officers)
1959 - 1968 : Prof. Dr. The Pik Sin
1968 - 1999 : Prof. Dr. Bambang Hidayat
1999 - 2004 : Dr. Moedji Raharto
2004 - 2006 : Dr. Dhani Herdiwijaya
2006 - now : Dr. Taufiq Hidayat

External links

* [http://bosscha.itb.ac.id/ Official site]