Anti-thrombin antibodies

AutoAbBox
Autoantigen = Thrombin
OneIsoform = Yes
OneIsoformSpecialName = coagulation-
factor II
OneGene = F2
OneOrgan = Cardiovascular
OneTissue = serum
OneCell = blood platelets
OneAlso = serum protein inhibitor
OneDisease = Systemic lupus erythematosus
OneIgClass =
OneIgGSubclass =
OneHLA1 =
OneHLA2 =
OneHLA3 =
OneAssociatedGene =
OneTCellRestr =
OneTrigger =

Anti-thrombin antibodies are autoantibodies directed against thrombin that may constitute a fraction of lupus anticoagulant and are seen an increased levels in systemic lupus erythematosus.

In mammals, there is normally occurring anti-thrombin activity (antithrombin III), which can be distinguished from autoimmune anti-thrombin. Anti-thrombin antibodies can react with both types of thrombin in the antithrombin-thrombin complex.cite journal | author = McDuffie FC, Peterson JM, Clark G, Mann KG | title = Antigenic changes produced by complex formation between thrombin and antithrombin-III | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 127 | issue = 1 | pages = 239–44 | year = 1981 | pmid = 6787123 | doi = ] Antibodies (IgG) against thrombin can strongly inhibit its activity.cite journal | author = Scully MF, Ellis V, Kakkar VV, Savidge GF, Williams YF, Sterndale H | title = An acquired coagulation inhibitor to factor II | journal = Br. J. Haematol. | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 655–64 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7066212 | doi = ] Inhibitory anti-thrombin antibodies can be divided into 2 groups, those that inhibit coagulation activityand those the inhibit coagulation and amidase activity.cite journal | author = Dawes J, James K, Micklem LR, Pepper DS, Prowse CV | title = Monoclonal antibodies directed against human alpha-thrombin and the thrombin-antithrombin III complex | journal = Thromb. Res. | volume = 36 | issue = 5 | pages = 397–409 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6523447 | doi = ] Autoimmune anti-thrombin was also found to inhibit the binding of antithrombin III to thrombin.cite journal | author = Barthels M, Heimburger N | title = Acquired thrombin inhibitor in a patient with liver cirrhosis | journal = Haemostasis | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 395–401 | year = 1985 | pmid = 4076847 | doi = ] Such activities are more often found with primary biliary cirrhosis.cite journal | author = Shojania AM, Meilleur G, Alvi AW | title = An autoantibody with potent antithrombin activity whose action could be inhibited by toluidine blue or methylene blue | journal = Am. J. Hematol. | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–14 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3812468 | doi = ] Multiple studies have shown, however, that despite autoimmune anti-thrombin thrombin inhibitory activity, these antibodies correlate with thrombotic events, so that they may also perturb the regulation of coagalatory factors.

Other than antibodies to thrombin, antibodies to vascular heparin sulfate appear to interfere with antithrombin-thrombin interaction.cite journal | author = Shibata S, Sasaki T, Harpel P, Fillit H | title = Autoantibodies to vascular heparan sulfate proteoglycan in systemic lupus erythematosus react with endothelial cells and inhibit the formation of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes | journal = Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. | volume = 70 | issue = 2 | pages = 114–23 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8299226 | doi = ]

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