Andalusi nubah

For the Algerian musical form, see Nuubaat.

Andalusi nubah (نوبة أندلسيّة) is a musical genre found in the North African Maghrib states of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya but, as the name indicates, it has its origins in the Arabo-Andalusian music. The name replaced the older use of sawt and originates from the musician waiting behind a curtain to be told it was his turn or nawbah by the sattar or curtain man (Touma 1996, p. 68).

According to tradition, there were initially 24 nuba, 1 nuba for each hour of the day, one nuba must have a duration of 1 hour.

Lyrics are sung by the soloist or in unison by the chorus are chosen from the muwashshah or zajal poetic forms, being in classical and colloquial Arabic, respectively. (ibid, pp. 70-71).

Andalusi nubah uses one tab' (similar to maqam) per performance, and includes several instrumental pieces and predominantly vocal pieces accompanied by instrumentation. These differ as to mizan or rhythmic pattern (wazn) (ibid, p. 68).

Formally the tempo increases while the awzan simply within each of five sections, called mizan. The sections are introduced by short instrumental pieces and vary according to region, the name indicating the awzan used:

• in Algeria (12 nubah and 4 incomplete): msaddar, btayhi, darj, insiraf, khlas
• in Tunisia (13 nubah): btaybhi, barwal, darj, khafif, khatm
• in Morocco (11 nubah): basit, qayim wa-nisf, btayhi, darj, quddam

Unlike the nuba in Algeria or Tunisia, Morocco nuba are long. So, it is rare for a Moroccan Nuba are played in its entirety. Furthermore, many Tunisian or Libyan nuba and some Algerian nuba are considered as being of Turkish inspiration.

The ensemble used includes the ud, rabab or rebec, nay, box zither, tambourine, and goblet drum, the players of which also serve as chorus (ibid, p. 70).

If the term Gharnati refers in current Algeria, especially in the region of Tlemcen, the entire directory Andalusian scholar, in Morocco it designates a distinct musical style of the Andalusian "Tab Al Ala" as confirmed by the authors Rachid Aous, Mohammed Habib Samrakandi pages 15 and 24 in their book " Music of Algeria " ^[1]

The North African cities have inherited particularly Andalusian musical style of Granada are also mentioned (pages 72 / 73) in the book "The Literature of Al-Andalus" (freely available on the net) ^[2]

The Nuba of Morocco have been identified in the eighteenth century by the musician Al Haïk from Tetuan ^[3]

Discography

• (Spanish) Música Andalusi, Escuela de Rabat, Orquesta de la Radio Televisión de Marruecos, Mûlây Ahmed Lúkílí, Msháliyya l-Kbíra, Grabación año 1962, Btáyhi r-Rásd, Grabación año 1958, Madrid, Pneuma, 1998.
• (Spanish) Música Andalusi, Escuela de Tetuán-Tánger, Orquesta del Conservatorio de Tetúan, Mohammed Ben Arbi Temsamani, Qá'im Wa Nisf Al Istihlál, Grabación año 1960, Madrid, Pneuma, 1999.
• (Spanish) Música Andalusi, Escuela de Fez, Orquesta Brihi, Abdelkrim Rais, Qyddám Al-Máya, Cantor Muhammed Jsásí, Madrid, Pneuma, 2000.

Bibliography

• Barrios Manuel, Gitanos, Moriscos y Cante Flamenco, Séville, RC 1994.
• Benabdeljalil Abdelaziz, Madjal ilâ târîj al-mûsîqâ al-magribiyya (Introduction à la musique marocaine), Casablanca, s. éd., 2000.
• Chailley Jacques, Histoire musicale du Moyen-Age, Paris, PUF, 1950.
• Cortes García Manuela, Pasado y Presente de la Música Andalusí, Sevilla, Fundación El Monte, 1996.
• Fernandez Manzano Reynaldo, De las Melodias Nazari de Granada a las Estructuras Musicales Cristianas, Diputación Provincial de Granada, 1985.
• García Barriuso Patrocinio, La Música hispano-musulmana en Marruecos, Madrid, Publicaciones des Instituto General Franco, 1950.
• Guettat Mahmoud , La Musique classique du Maghreb, Paris, Sindbad, 1980.
• Guettat Mahmoud, La Música Andaluí En El Maghreb, Sevilla, Fundación El Monte, 1999.
• Christian Poché, La Musique Arabo-Andalouse, Paris, Cité de la musique / Actes Sud, 1998.
• Nadir Marouf, (dir.), Le chant arabo-andalou, Paris : L'Harmattan, 1995.
• Pierre Bois, L'Anthologie al-Âla du Maroc. Une opération de sauvegarde discographique., in Internationale de l'imaginaire, vol. 4 : « La musique et le monde », Paris, Babel, Maison des cultures du Monde, 1995, pp. 75-90.
• Paolo Scarnecchia, Encyclopédie de la Méditerranée, Musiques populaire, musique savante, série Temps Présent, Edisud, 2003
• Fethi Zghonda, Tunisie. Anthologie du mâlûf, vol. 4, éd. Maison des cultures du monde, Paris, 1993
• Mokhtar Hadj Slimane : "Recueil d'informations élémentaires sur la musique andalouse à Tlemcen", publié en avril 2002.^[4]
• J.Azzouna, Evolution de la musique arabe jusqu'au Zajal, Ibla. Revue de l'Institut des Belles-Lettres Arabes Tunis,1977, vol. 40, no140, pp. 213-241.
• thèse de doctorat inédite Los moriscos españoles emigrados al norte de Africa, después de la expulsión. Traduction de l’extrait par J. et C. Penella, révision de M. de Epalza et J. Servage.

References

1. ^ http://books.google.fr/books?id=ogQLKLjgaHEC&pg=PP1&dq=Musiques 27Alg% + d% C3% A9rie + + by + + Aous Rashid, Mohammed + + + Samrakandi Habib & lr = # v = onepage & q = & f = false
2. ^ http://books .google.fr / books? u5AVpiscx7YC id = & pg = & dq = PP444 oujda + Arab-Andalusian & lr = & as_brr = 3 # v = onepage & q = & f = false
3. ^ Arab-Andalusian Music of Morocco during the Centuries / scientific publication of D. Eisenberg (Hispanic Journal of Philosophy 1988)
4. ^ Ministère le culture du MarocHistorique ; Personnages ayant marqué de leurs empreintes leurs passages au sein de cette musique(photos et biographies de certains d'entre eux ), Poésies chantées les plus utilisées, Volet technique, conclusion.

External links

• (French)Andaloussia band
• (French)Blog Musiques arabes, par Mario Scolas
• (French)Conférence du Professeur. Dwight Reynolds 'La tradition poétique et musicale andalouse au Moyen Age entre "influences" et "hybridation"

Sources

• Touma, Habib Hassan (1996). The Music of the Arabs, trans. Laurie Schwartz. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0931340888.

See also

• Andalusian classical music