British Rail Class 50

Infobox Locomotive
name = British Rail Class 50
powertype = Diesel-electric

---

caption = 50049 "Defiance" at Bath Spa Station on 3 June 2007.
roadnumber = D400–D449; later 50001–50050
totalproduction = 50
builder = English Electric at Vulcan Foundry
builddate = 1967–1968
gauge = RailGauge|ussg|lk=on|al=on
primemover = English Electric 16 CSVT
generator =
tractionmotors =
whytetype = Co-Co
uicclass = Co'Co'
wheeldiameter = convert|3|ft|7|in|m|3|abbr=on
minimumcurve =
trainbrakes = Dual (Air and Vacuum)
locobrakeforce =
wheelbase = convert|56|ft|2|in|m|2|abbr=on
length = convert|68|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on
width = convert|8|ft|10|in|m|2|abbr=on
height = convert|12|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on
weight = convert|115|LT|sigfig=3|lk=on
topspeed = convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on|lk=on
poweroutput = "Engine:" convert|2700|bhp|-1|abbr=on
tractiveeffort = "Maximum:" convert|48500|lbf|kN|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=on
"Continuous:" convert|33000|lbf|sigfig=3|abbr=on
fuelc

trainheating = Electric Train Heat
multipleworking = ■ Orange Square
axleloadclass = Route availability 6
railroad = British Rail The British Rail (BR) Class 50 is a diesel locomotive built from 1967-68 by English Electric at their Vulcan Foundry Works in Newton-le-Willows. Fifty of these locomotives were built to haul express passenger trains on the, then non-electrified, section of the West Coast Main Line between Crewe, Carlisle and Scotland. They were originally hired from English Electric Leasings, not being purchased outright by BR until around 1973. Under the pre-1968 classification system these locomotives were known as the English Electric Type 4. The class were affectionately nicknamed "Hoovers" by rail enthusiasts because of their distinctive engine sound, caused by the centrifugal air filters originally fitted. These proved unreliable, and were later removed, but the "Hoover" nickname stuck.

Description

Introduction

The Class 50 fleet was developed following trials with the prototype Deltic-bodied DP2 locomotive. In many ways, the locomotives were a more powerful and lighter version of the earlier Class 40, and also included a host of complex electronic control gear, which to some extent was their downfall.

Fifty locomotives were built, initially numbered D400-D449. All were delivered in the BR Blue livery with yellow cab fronts. From 1973 onwards, the locomotives were renumbered into the range 50001-50050, to conform with the TOPS system. With the exception of the first-built locomotive, which was renumbered to 50050, the rest of the fleet retained the last two digits of their number, such that D431 would become no. 50031.

Additional Technical details

*Transmission : 6 English Electric type 538/5A axle-hung nose-suspended 400hp traction motors
*Axle load limit : 19 tons 10 cwt

ervice

The class were built for working passenger services on the West Coast Main Line (WCML) north of Crewe, to Preston, Lancaster, Carlisle and Glasgow Central. Services south of Crewe would generally be worked by an electric locomotive, with the Class 50s taking over for the journeys that continued north. Trains were often double-headed to deal with the steep gradients, such as Shap Summit and Beattock Summit.

In 1974 the northern WCML was electrified, and the Class 50 fleet was displaced by new Class 87 electrics. The fleet was transferred en-masse to the Western Region, working mainline passenger services from London Paddington along the Great Western Main Line to destinations such as Oxford, Cheltenham Spa, Bristol Temple Meads, Plymouth and Penzance. It was not unusual for locomotives to work services on other routes, such as the Birmingham New Street to Bristol Temple Meads corridor. The introduction of the Class 50s on these routes enabled the last remaining diesel hydraulic "Westerns" to be withdrawn. These locomotives were non-standard in the BR fleet, and the final "Western" was withdrawn in 1977.

In the late-1970s following the earlier withdrawal of the "Warships", BR decided to continue this naming policy, and as a result the Class 50 fleet were all named after Royal Navy warships. The first locomotive naming occurred in January 1978, when no. 50035 was named "Ark Royal" in honour of the aircraft carrier HMS "Ark Royal". The rest of the fleet was named during the course of 1978, concluding in October with no. 50029, which was named "Renown" after the Resolution-class nuclear submarine HMS "Renown". No. 50049 "Defiance" is named after a Royal Navy shore establishment rather than a sea-going vessel.

In 1977, British Rail introduced the Class 253 High Speed Trains onto the Great Western Main Line. The Class 50 fleet was therefore partially redeployed onto other routes, such as services to Birmingham New Street from London Paddington and Bristol Temple Meads. The class also found work on services along the West of England Main Line from London Waterloo to Salisbury, Exeter and Plymouth. However, due in part to the over-complexity of the design, the class was plagued with reliability problems. As a result, the decision was taken in the late 1970s to refurbish the entire fleet.

Refurbishment

Between 1979 and 1984, the Class 50 fleet was refurbished at Doncaster Works, which had taken responsibility for the fleet after purchase from English Electric. The work involved simplifying the complex electronics and removing redundant features such as slow speed control and rheostatic braking. In addition, modifications took place to the air intake fan arrangement which eliminated the characteristic "sucking" noise which had earned the "Hoover" nickname. The original air circulation arrangement was the cause of many failures in traffic as the filtration system often prevented fresh air entering the engine room and stale, oil mist-filled air could not escape leading to many main generator failures. Externally, the locomotives all received high-intensity headlights, which changed the appearance of the front end. Starting with 50006, the first six locomotives were outshopped in the standard BR Blue livery. However, in 1980, no. 50023 "Howe" became the first to be outshopped in a revised livery with wrap around yellow cabs, large bodyside numerals and BR logo, in a livery that became known as BR Blue Large Logo. The final loco to be refurbished was 50014 which was released to traffic in the latter half of 1983.

Following refurbishment, the fleet was concentrated at two depots; Laira in Plymouth, and Old Oak Common in west London. The class were again used for Western Region services on the GWML out of Paddington, and on the West of England Main Line from Waterloo to Salisbury and Exeter.

In 1984, no. 50007 "Hercules" was repainted into lined Brunswick green livery and renamed "Sir Edward Elgar", to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Great Western Railway (GWR). Four Class 47 locomotives were similarly treated, and a Class 117 diesel multiple unit (DMU) was repainted in chocolate and cream livery. As a result, no. 50007 quickly became a favourite with rail enthusiasts. Another locomotive repainted in a special livery was no. 50019 "Ramillies", which was repainted in a variation of BR Blue by staff at Plymouth Laira depot.

In 1986 the West of England Main Line came under the control of the Network SouthEast (NSE) sector, which saw the introduction of their bright blue, red and white livery. The first locomotive in this livery was again no. 50023 "Howe". The NSE livery had two versions; the original had upswept red and white stripes and the ends, with a white cab surround; the revised livery introduced in 1988 had the red and white stripes continue to the body ends, with a blue cab surround.

Towards the end of the 1980s, the fleet could be found mostly on the West of England route, as well as fast services from Paddington to Oxford. Some locomotives were also transferred to the civil engineers department to work maintenance and engineering trains. Around this time, the first locomotives started to be withdrawn, starting with no. 50011 "Centurion" in early 1987. This locomotive's names were later transferred to no. 50040, which was previously named "Leviathan". A further two locomotives, nos. 50006 "Neptune" and 50014 "Warspite" were withdrawn in 1987, followed by a further five locomotives (nos. 50010/13/22/38/47) in 1988.

In 1987, consideration was given to using the class on freight trains. To this end, no. 50049 "Defiance" was renumbered to no. 50149, equipped with modified class 37, lower-geared bogies and outshopped in the new trainload grey livery with railfreight decals. It was based at Plymouth Laira depot, and tested on local china clay trains in Cornwall as well as heavy stone trains to London from Devon quarries. The project was, however, not an outstanding success, and by 1989, the locomotive had returned to its original identity. Ironically, the electronic anti-wheelslip equipment (with which, the entire class had originally been built) which would have been key to the success of this experiment had been removed during the refurbishment process.

At the start of the 1990s, the reliability of fleet became an problem again. By this time, the class was solely used on the West of England route, having been replaced on the Oxford route by Class 47/7 locomotives. Arguably, the Class 50s were not suitable for the stop-start service pattern of Waterloo-Exeter services, nor to the extended single-line sections of this route, where a single locomotive failure could cause chaos. Therefore the decision was taken to retire the fleet, temporarily replacing them with Class 47 locomotives, which were in turn replaced by new DMUs. From 1992, the Oxford route was worked by Class 165 and Class 166 units, whilst Class 159 units were introduced onto the West of England route in 1993.

By 1992, just eight locomotives remained in services, these being nos. 50007/008/015/029/030/033/046/050. Several of these locomotives were specially repainted to commemorate the run-down of the fleet. The first-built locomotive, no. 50050 "Fearless" was renumbered D400 and painted in its original BR Blue livery. Two other locomotives, nos. 50008 "Thunderer" and 50015 "Valiant" were also repainted, the former in a variation of BR Blue (the same as no. 50019 had previously carried), and the latter in "Dutch" civil-engineers grey/yellow livery. Of the final eight locomotives, three were retained until 1994 for use on special railtours, these being nos. 50007 "Sir Edward Elgar", 50033 "Glorious" and 50050 "Fearless". 50007 was returned to working order using parts from 50046, which surrendered its recently-overhauled power unit and bogies. By this time, no. 50050 had been repainted into Large Logo livery and 50007 also received a repaint into GWR green as the 1985 paint was wearing very thin. The final railtours operated in March 1994, during one of which no. 50033 was delivered for preservation at the National Railway Museum. The final railtour operated with nos. 50007 and 50050 from London Waterloo to Penzance and returning to London Paddington. Both locomotives were later preserved.

Portuguese Locomotives

The Portuguese public operator, CP, bought 10 locomotives similar to the BR Class 50, the 1800 series (1801-1810) that entered service in 1968. Like the UK design, they were equipped with an English Electric 16 CSVT engine and produced 2700hp (2020 HP at the wheels). Unlike the BR locomotives upon which electronic control is extensively used, the portuguese locomotives employ conventional control gear (only exceptions being stepless control of tractive effort by a solid-state load regulator and the use of and a very effective out-of-balance wheel-slip detector). the main generator and the traction motors are identical to those used on the BR Type3 and Deltic locomotives. contrary to BR class 50 the portuguese 1800 locomotives were built to be as much compatible with the smaller 1400 (themselves similar to BR class 20) as possible and also to use as many comon components as possible. They were the only diesel locomotives in Portugal authorised to run at 140 km/h. The CP1800s were all withdrawn in 2001 and most still survive, with their future unclear as of today with only 1805 undergoing repairs on acount of static display on the new Railway Museum at Entroncamento.

Preservation

Overview

Class 50 locomotives proved popular, with many saved for preservation. Several of the preserved locomotives have been registered for use on the mainline, including nos. 50031 "Hood" and 50049 "Defiance".

An ambitious project involving preserved Class 50s was "Operation Collingwood", an engineering charity established in the early 1990s. The aim had been to train young engineering apprentices by getting them to rebuild railway locomotives and Class 50s were chosen both for the fact that they were a British design throughout and that all were named (so the apprentices would derive some pride from rededication ceremonies at the completion of their work). To this end, Operation Collingwood purchased and stored nos. 50001, 50023, 50029, 50030, 50040 and 50045. All except 50029 and 50030 were heavily-stripped examples sold to scrapyards for final cutting up. The intention was to restore them by using industrial sponsorship money to build an engineering centre and overhaul the components, making brand new ones where necessary to overcome lack of availability of some parts unique to the original design. These ambitions failed when sponsorship did not reach the required level and the project lost various key people. The charity was wound up in 2002; 50001/023/040 and 045 were sold back to scrapyards and their state as little more than bodyshells deterred most further preservation attempts. 50045 was scrapped to provide spares for preserved 50026 and 50001 met a similar fate, A private individual made an attempt to restore 50023 using some parts from 50001 but this was abandoned and the shell was cut up a few years after the initial purchase. 50040 could have been suitable for cosmetic restoration, but after many years untouched and in a derelict state at the Coventry Railway Centre, it finally had all remaining parts stripped for spares and was transported to Sims Metals of Halesowen and scrapping. The cutting of the derelict hulk was completed by Wednesday 2nd July 2008. 50029 and 50030 were in far better mechanical condition, and were sold to a preservation group for full restoration.

50043 "Eagle" was purchased in almost working order (the main generator had failed, a very common Class 50 problem) but it was never intended for restoration. Instead the power unit was gutted to provide parts for preserved Class 40 no. 40118 as the two share a very similar design of diesel engine. "Eagle" was then subjected to a further bout of stripping when electrical and other parts were sold to various Class 50 preservationists. Although cosmetically very smart, the loco was by this stage unrestorable and although an ambitious private individual did try, this effort soon came to naught and it was scrapped to provide parts for 50026 "Indomitable".

50031 became the first to operate on the mainline, hauling the Past Time Railtours Pilgrim Hoover train from Birmingham International to Plymouth on 1st November 1997. Since then several other members of the class have also been passed for use on Network Rail (was Railtrack) lines (including 50044, 50049 and 50050). However with changes in the UK's Rail Access regulations (requiring fitment of additional equipment: TPWS/OTMR) some of these locos are nolonger of a standard to continue mainline operation. One locomotive, no. 50017, was hired to Venice Simplon Orient Express (VSOE) to work the "Northern Belle" service from Bath to Manchester Victoria. As part of the contract it was painted in LMS-style maroon livery. However, it is now undergoing restoration having suffered a serious mechanical failure.

In 2005, 50031 and 50049 were on long term hire to Arriva Trains Wales, for use on special services in connection with events at the Millennium Stadium, and over the summer period saw regular use on the Monday to Saturday "Fishguard Flyer" from Cardiff to Fishguard and return, in connection with the ferry sailing to Ireland. One of the two locomotives was used for the service each day, along with 4 Mark 2 coaches, the short formation and high power leading to very good performance. This arrangement lasted for one year, and 50049 and 50031 are now seen regularly hauling special charter services around the UK rail network.

At a glance

18 locomotives have been preserved & they are listed below:

Gallery

Network SouthEast livery at Birmingham New Street, 1987.
"Ark Royal" at Doncaster Works on 27 July 2003. This locomotive carries BR Blue Large Logo livery, and is preserved on the Severn Valley Railway.
Tyseley Locomotive Works on 21 November 2004. The latter is painted in non-standard LMS maroon, a legacy from when it was hired to work the VSOE "Northern Belle".

Class list

References

*cite book | last = Chalcraft | first = John | coauthors = Scott-Lowe, Graham | title = Book of the Fifties | publisher = Peter Watts Publishing | date = 1979 | location = Gloucester | isbn = 0 906025 10 9
*cite book | last = Chalcraft | first = John | title = Portrait of the Fifties | publisher = Rail Photoprints | date = 1985 | location = Bristol | isbn = 0 906883 07 5
*cite book | last = Vaughan | first = John | title = The Power of the 50s | publisher = OPC | date = 1979 | location = Oxford | isbn = 086093 060 2

External links

General information

* [http://www.class50.co.uk/ Class 50 photo gallery]
* [http://www.class50.com/ The Fifties - information website.]
* [http://www.hmilburn.easynet.co.uk/enthuse/diesel/locos/class50.htm Railways online - Class 50 profile.]
* [http://www.class50-hoover-bashers.com/ Class 50 Hoover Bashers: A Pure Enthusiasts site, with an extensive photographic collection of the Class.]
* [http://www.vacladsonline.co.uk/forum/ Vaclads_online: a website forum for 50 bashers.]

Preserved locomotives

* [http://members.lycos.co.uk/valiant50/ Manchester Class 50 Group - Owners of preserved locomotive no. 50015 "Valiant"]
* [http://www.williton49.freeserve.co.uk Project Defiance - Owners of preserved locomotive no. 50049/50149 "Defiance".]
* [http://www.renownrepulse.com/ Renown Repulse Restoration Group - Owners of preserved locomotives nos. 50029 and 50030, which are currently undergoing extensive restoration.]
* [http://www.fiftyfund.org.uk/ The Fifty Fund - Owners of preserved locomotives nos. 50031, 50035 and 50044. Includes class history, specifications and more information.]
* [http://www.trainweb.org/cfa/ Class Forty Appeal - Owners of 50007 "Sir Edward Elgar"]
* [http://www.class50.net Class50.net - Class 50 Diesels: a pictorial record of those preserved or under restoration.] The shell of Class 50 no.50040 Leviathan is now languishing at Sims metals awaiting disposal.,30th June 2008. See 'End of the Line' web site for image.50040 is no-more,reduced to scrap today 1st July 08. R.I.P.