Cetopsidium

Cetopsidium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Siluriformes
Family:	Cetopsidae
Subfamily:	Cetopsinae
Genus:	Cetopsidium Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005
Type species
Pseudocetopsis orientale Vari, Ferraris & Keith, 2003
Species
Cetopsidium ferreirai Cetopsidium minutum Cetopsidium morenoi Cetopsidium orientale Cetopsidium pemon Cetopsidium roae Cetopsidium soniae

Cetopsidium is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Cetopsidae. It includes seven species, C. ferreirai, C. minutum, C. morenoi, C. orientale, C. pemon, C. roae, and C. soniae.^[1][2]

Taxonomy

Cetopsidium was described in 2005, its name coming from the Cetopsis, the first described cetopsid genus, and idium which means dimunutive, in reference to the relatively small size of Cetopsidium species. Three existing species were transferred to this genus and three new species were described.^[1] In 2009 a new species, Cetopsidium soniae, was described bringing the number of species in the genus to seven.^[3]

Distribution

C. ferreirai is known only from the Trombetas River, a left bank tributary of the lower Amazon River. C. minutum occurs in the Potaro River and middle portion of the Essequibo River of Guyana. C. morenoi is known from the central and western portions of the Orinoco River basin in Venezuela and Colombia. C. orientale is known from the coastal rivers of Suriname and French Guiana in the region from the Corantijn River along the border between Suriname and Guyana to the Oyapock-Oiapoque River along the French Guiana-Brazil border; it is likely this species is also occurs in the left bank tributaries to the Corantijn River draining from Guyana and the Oiapoque River in Brazil. C. pemon is known from the Caroni River and the Caura River basins, southern tributaries of the Orinoco in eastern Venezuela, the Meta River basin of the western portions of the Orinoco system in eastern Colombia, and the upper portions of the Branco River in northern Brazil. C. roae is only known from the Rupununi region of southwestern Guyana.^[1]

Description

The combination of the presence of a dorsal fin with an ossified spinelet and the presence of pectoral-fin and dorsal-fin spines distinguishes the species of Cetopsidium from all other genera in the Cetopsinae. A lateral line extending to over the posterior portion of the base of the anal fin but falling short of the caudal peduncle is also unique in this genus; the lateral line is usually longer than this, though it is shorter in two species of Denticetopsis. Cetopsidium species have mental barbels extending posteriorly beyond the rear margin of the opercle and a deeply-forked, symmeterical caudal-fin margin with the tips of the lobes slightly blunt or rounded.^[1]

The body is elongate to moderately robust; anteriorly the body is not compressed much, but becomes progressively compressed posteriorly. The lateral line is incomplete, unbranched, and midlateral. In most species the dorsal profile is straight, though it may be slightly convex from the head to the dorsal fin origin in some species. The ventral profile is slightly convex at the abdomen but is straight posteriorly. The caudal peduncle depth is approximately equal to its length in most species, though the depth is less than the length in C. roae and greater in C. orientale. The eyes are placed on the sides of the head and are visible from above, but not from below. The mouth is subterminal and its width is anywhere between 40–60% of the head length. They have three pairs of barbels, one pair of maxillary barbels and two pairs of mental barbels; the medial mental barbels are slightly shorter than the lateral mental barbels, which are in turn slightly shorter than the slender maxillary barbels. The anal fin is moderately long, beginning about halfway down the body, with the posterior-most anal fin rays with a slight, membranous attachment to the body. The pelvic fins are usually small. The first pectoral fin ray is spinous and is slightly longer than one-half the length of the first branched ray; however, the spine may have a prolonged distal filament in mature males.^[1]

Sexual dimorphism is observed in C. ferreirai, C. morenoi, C. orientale, and C. pemon, but not in C. minutum or C. roae. Presumed mature males have the first ray of the dorsal and pectoral fins extended into filaments except in C. ferreirai. Also, the anal fin has a broadly convex margin rather than a straight margin.^[1]

Cetopsidium species are smaller than Cetopsis species, growing to only 3.7–5.8 centimetres (1.5–2.3 in) SL.^{[4][5][6][7][8][9]}

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Vari, Richard P.; Ferraris, Carl J.; de Pinna, Mário C. C. (2005). "The Neotropical whale catfishes (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae: Cetopsinae), a revisionary study" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (2): 127–238. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000200001. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num2/Artigo01P127-238lr.pdf. 
2. ^ Ferraris, Carl J., Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa 1418: 1–628. http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf. 
3. ^ Vari, Richard P.; Ferraris, Carl J. (2009). "New species of Cetopsidium (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae: Cetopsinae) from the upper rio Branco system in Guyana" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (3): 289–293. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252009000300001. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol7num3/v07n3a01.pdf. 
4. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Cetopsidium ferreirai" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
5. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Cetopsidium minutum" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
6. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Cetopsidium morenoi" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
7. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Cetopsidium orientale" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
8. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Cetopsidium pemon" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
9. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Cetopsidium roae" in FishBase. July 2007 version.