St. Barnabas Church, Upper Marlboro, Maryland

Infobox religious building
building_name=New Brick Church
St. Barnabas Church


caption=
location=14705 Oak Grove Road
Upper Marlboro, Maryland
geo=coord|38|52|30.61|N|76|45|30.26|W
type:historical
display=inline,title
religious_affiliation=Episcopal
district=
built= 1705
consecration_year=
status=
leadership=
website=http://www.stbarnabas.net
architect=Christopher Lowndes,
Walter Macombercitation
title=St. Barnabas Episcopal Church, Maryland Historical Trust, Historic Sites Survey # PG:79-59
url=http://www.mdihp.net/cfm/dsp_display.cfm
format=web database
publisher=Maryland State Archives
accessdate=2007-09-27]
architecture_type=
architecture_style=Georgian Colonial
facade_direction=west
year started=1772
year_completed=
construction_cost=
capacity=
length=60 feet
width=46 feet
width_nave=
height_max=
acreage=2
cemetery=yes
materials=brick, wood shingle roof

St. Barnabas Church, also known as St. Barnabas' Episcopal Church, Leeland, is located in Upper Marlboro, Maryland and was established in 1704. Because of its location in one of the richest tobacco-producing regions in Colonial Maryland, the small church has been a cultural hub for southern Maryland from early colonial times, through the American Revolution, Civil War, and Reconstruction. The church holds some highly significant art and was the scene of a fiery anti-revolutionary showdown that was close to erupting in violence.

History

In 1692, four years before the establishment of Prince George’s County, the Church of England became the established church of the Colony of Maryland through an Act of the General Assembly. By this time, ten counties had been established in the colony, and those counties were divided into 30 parishes. When Prince George’s County came into being in 1696, two parishes had already been established within its boundaries: St. Paul’s Parish in the area which had been part of Calvert County, and Piscataway (or King George’s) Parish in the area which had been part of Charles County. [Citation
title = Illustrated Inventory 906
pages = 6
publisher = Maryland National Capital Park and Planning Commission
url=http://www.mncppc.org/county/Illustrated_Inventory906/History.pdf
accessdate=2007-09-15]

Creation of the Parish

On December 19, 1704, St. Paul’s Parish was divided by the Maryland General Assembly and the northern part became Queen Anne Parish.Quotation
"An Act for the Division of St. Paul's Parish in Prince George's County"
Lib. LL. N° 3. fol. 213.
(1.) The said Parish to be divided.
(2.) The Division Lines to begin with the dividing Branches of Patuxent River, and to run with the Western Branch, to a Branch called Cabin-Branch, by the Plantation of a certain Edward Willet, and so with the Cabin-Branch, to the Head thereof: And the Southernmost part to be adjudged to be St. Paul's Parish.
(3.) The said St. Paul's Parish to be further bounded and divided by the Ridge between Patuxent and Patowmack; and the Eastern Side of the said Ridge, and the Northernmost Part of the Western Branch, to be adjudged a new and distinct Parish, by the Name of Queen-Anne's Parish, with Power to elect proper Officers, and enjoy all the Advantages, Privileges and Benefits of a compleat and entire Parish. [cite web
title =1704 CHAP. XCVI, An Act for the Division of St. Paul's Parish in Prince George's County
work =Bacon's Laws of Maryland Volume 75, Page 161
publisher = Maryland State Archives
date =2006-07-31
url =http://aomol.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000075/html/am75--161.html
format =html
doi =
accessdate=2007-12-07] The Parish contained a small log structure, in the northeast section of St. Paul's, on two acres of land owned by John and Mary Duvall.citation
title =St. Barnabas’ Episcopal Church
author=
publisher =St. Barnabas’ Episcopal Church
date =unknown
url =http://www.stbarnabas.net/aboutus.pdf
format =PDF
accessdate=2007-07-18] cite book
last =Williams
first =T. J. C.
authorlink =
coauthors =Folger McKinsey
title =History of Frederick County, Maryland, Vol 2
publisher =L.R. Titsworth & Co./Clearfield Co
date =1910,1979
location =
pages =page 948
url =http://books.google.com/books?id=a-M8wQ27_NsC&pg=RA1-PA948&dq=%22Mareen+Duvall%22+Mary+Stanton&as_brr=3&ie=ISO-8859-1&sig=3wm1OuhXkpuyU-W9yPxP2u_qICU
doi =
id =
isbn = 0806380128] With this act, the chapel became a full-fledged congregation to meet the needs of the growing population in the area, creating the first St. Barnabas church.

Shortly thereafter, in 1706, the colonial Maryland Legislature authorized surveying and laying out of nearby "Queen Anne Town and Marlborough Town" bringing further development to the area.cite book
last = Baltz
first = Shirley Vlasak
title = A Chronicle of Belair
publisher =Bowie Heritage Committee
year = 1984
location =Bowie, Maryland
pages =pages 4-9
LCCN = 85165028] In 1708, Rev. Jonathan White came to Queen Anne Parish as Rector.cite book
last =Sprague
first =William Buell
title =Annals of the American Pulpit; or Commemorative Notices of Distinguished American Clergymen of Various Denominations From the Early Settlement of the Country to the Close of the Year Eighteen Hundred and Fifty Five, Volume V.
publisher =Robert Carter & Brothers
year =1859
location =New York
pages =pages 34-38
url =http://books.google.com/books?id=UwJ9aVWh92kC&printsec=titlepage#PPA35,M1
doi =
id =
isbn = ]

Old Brick Church

Col. Henry Ridgley, a prominent land-owner in Anne Arundel County and Prince George's County, was one of the first vestrymen of the parish, and pledged £10 towards the construction of a brick church in 1709 and left another £20 upon his death in 1710. [cite book
last = Baltz
first = Shirley Vlasak
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Belair From the Beginning
publisher = City of Bowie Museums
year = 2005
location = Bowie, Maryland
pages = 6
url =
doi =
id =
isbn = ] The log structure was replaced in 1710 by the first small brick church, which was the second St. Barnabas Church on the site and rather small. It is now referred to as the old Brick Church.

White remained at St. Barnabas until 1717, at which time he either died or was removed from the parish.

Henderson's Chapel and Holy Trinity

In 1713, Col. Ridgley's widow, Mary (nee Duvall, nee Stanton, and who would later become Henderson's wife) built a chapel on her own land near her residence. On December 17, 1717, Reverend Jacob Henderson was appointed as rector of Queen Anne Parish. About that time he acquired numerous parcels of property through his marriage to the twice widowed, Mary Ridgely.cite book
last =Warfield
first =Joshua Dorsey
title =The Founders of Anne Arundel And Howard Counties, Maryland
publisher =Kohn & Pollock
month =July | year =1905
location =Baltimore, Maryland
pages =106
url =http://books.google.com/books?id=vgINAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA78&dq=%22Mareen+Duvall%22+Mary+Stanton&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1#PPA106,M1
isbn = 0806379715] In 1737, Henderson gave four acres of land for the use of Queen Anne's Parish called "the Glebe whereon there is a Chapple now standing." That chapel had been built for the convenience of northern part of the parish and was known as Henderson's Chapel or Forest Chapel. Almost 100 years later, in 1836 Henderson's Chapel became an independent congregation, Holy Trinity Episcopal Church. [cite web
url=http://holytrinitybowie.edow.org/history.html
title=A History of Holy Trinity Episcopal Church
accessdate=2007-09-25]

Henderson died on August 27, 1751 after 34 years of service at St. Barnabas.

Affluence and a new Brick Church

Because of its location in one of the richest tobacco-producing regions in Colonial Maryland, its rectorship was one of the most highly prized assignments in the Anglican Church in the province. In 1771, Jonathan Boucher came to St. Barnabas,cite book
last =Virta
first =Alan
title =Prince George's County: A Pictorial History
publisher =The Donning Company
year =1984
location =Norfolk, Virginia
pages =67-69] having served as Rector of St. Anne's in Annapolis since 1768. [cite book
last =Sprague
first =William Buell
title =Annals of the American Pulpit; or Commemorative Notices of Distinguished American Clergymen of Various Denominations From the Early Settlement of the Country to the Close of the Year Eighteen Hundred and Fifty Five, Volume V.
publisher =Robert Carter & Brothers
year =1859
location =New York
pages =pages 211-212
url =http://books.google.com/books?id=UwJ9aVWh92kC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=st+anne's+annapolis+boucher&source=web&ots=PdYNXsyA3p&sig=55DQKbnSQntlP-9aT6wb5pfrdys#PPA211,M1
doi =
id =
isbn = ]

During this period, numerous dignitaries visited the church, including George Washington and his family, together with Royal Governor of Maryland Robert Eden, on October 4, 1772. [cite web
title = About Us: St. Barnabas’ Episcopal Church, Queen Anne Parish
work =
publisher = St. Barnabas’ Episcopal Church
date = 2007-06-22
url = http://www.stbarnabas.net/aboutus.pdf
format = PDF
doi =
accessdate=2008-02-09]

By 1772 the congregation had outgrown the original St. Barnabas church building and commissioned Christopher Lowndes “to make, erect, build, and set up a new Brick Church near the place where the Old Brick Church in said parish now stands, to contain sixty feet in length and forty-six feet in width.”

As recorded in the Prince George's County Historic Site Summary:Quotation
"St. Barnabas' Church at Leeland, Maryland is a two-story Georgian Colonial brick church building three bays by four bays, built of brick laid in Flemish bond; It has a molded water table. There are entrances in the first and third bays of the principal three-bay west facade, through double doors. The jambs and soffits of the doors are panelled. Windows on the first story are 6/9 double hung sash, while those on the second story are narrower four over six lights. The roof is hip-on-hip, covered with wood shingle. The narrow wood cornice is punctuated with dentil modillions and defined by bed and crown moldings. Inscribed in one of the stretchers which frame the central first story window on the east facade is "AD July 3, 1774."

Revolutionary hostilities

Boucher was an ardent Tory and opposed the revolution from the pulpit. For months, he preached with a pair of loaded pistols beside him. In a fiery farewell sermon at St. Barnabas in 1775, he declared to a hostile crowd of 200, that "no power on earth should prevent him from praying and shouting God Save the King." At the conclusion of the sermon, he seized the leader of the crowd, Osborn Sprigg of Northampton, Maryland, (uncle and adopted father of future Governor Samuel Sprigg)cite book
last =Buchholz
first =Henrich Ewald
authorlink =
coauthors =
title =Governors of Maryland from the Revolution to the Year 1908
publisher =Wiliams & Wilkins Company
year =1908
location =Baltimore
pages =page 92
url =http://books.google.com/books/pdf/Governors_of_Maryland__from_the_Revoluti.pdf?id=CPsMAAAAYAAJ&output=pdf&sig=zGwhM1b1mQg-a_4HEdfZGH7zJBs
doi =
id =
isbn = ] and with pistol in hand, they walked together to Boucher's horse. Both men were allowed to leave without harm. Boucher then fled to England.

Nineteenth Century

In the 1850s, the church was renovated and Victorianized, with stained glass windows replacing the original colonial clear glass lights.

Recent times

In 1964 St. Barnabas’ Church founded Queen Anne School, a private, Episcopal-affiliated, co-educational day school for grades 7-12 (now 6-12), located on a 50 acre campus adjacent to the new Brick Church. [citation | title=About Our School |url=http://www.queenanne.org/QAS_Profile.pdf|publisher=Queen Anne School|date=2006|accessdate=2007-09-27] Although the school is owned by St. Barnabas’ Church, it functions as an independent educational institution, certified by the Association of Independent Maryland Schools.

In 1971, this “new Brick Church,” was in need of repair and was carefully and authentically restored to its original colonial form as built by Lowndes including clear windows along with the addition of a new chapel under the direction of architect, Walter Macomber. The restored church was dedicated in October 1974.

Current use

St. Barnabas Church is still an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington. Its current rector is the Rev. Lawrence R. Harris, Jr., and its assistant rector is the Rev. Julie B. Murdoch. [cite web|url=http://www.stbarnabas.net/|title=St. Barnabas' Episcopal Church, Leeland website]

ignificant Art

The first recorded public art commission in the American colonies, "The Last Supper" by Gustavus Hesselius, commissioned in October 1721 is displayed on the choir gallery of the church.cite web
last =
first =
authorlink =
coauthors =
title =Maryland ArtSource - Artists - Gustavus Hesselius
work =
publisher =The Baltimore Art Research & Outreach Consortium (BAROC)
date =undated
url =http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000072.html
format =html
doi =
accessdate =2007-12-04] Citation
first =Henri
last =Marceau
title =Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum, Vol. 26, No. 142, Part 1
year =1931
pages = 10-13
place =
publisher =Pennsylvania Museum of Art
url =http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0891-3609(193105)26%3A142%3C10%3A%22LSBGH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N
issn =08913609
doi =10.2307/3794543
id = ] Before this, most painting in the new world had been portraits. "The Last Supper" was the first significant American painting to depict a scene.

The painting which measures convert|35|in|mm by 117 1/2 inches was commissioned for the first Brick Church and remained there until the present structure was built. It disappeared during the construction of the new Brick Church and did not surface again until it was discovered in a private collection in 1848 or 1914, when Charles Henry Hart identified it, depending on which source one follows.

It was on loan by Rose Neel Warrington for a period at the Philadelphia Museum of Art and at the American Swedish Historical Museum as well as the Exhibition of Early American Paintings at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences in 1917 and the Wilmington Society for the Fine Arts.

The painting was willed once again to St. Barnabas upon Warrington's death.

ee also

* Episcopal Diocese of Washington

References

External links

* [http://www.stbarnabas.net/ St. Barnabas' Episcopal Church, Leeland website]
* [http://holytrinitybowie.edow.org Holy Trinity Church website]