Ouvry Lindfield Roberts

Sir Ouvry Roberts
Lt. Gen. Ouvry Roberts greeting former Indian prisoners of war in Malaya, 1945.
Born	April 3, 1898(1898-04-03)
Died	1986 (aged 87–88)
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1917 - 1955
Rank	General
Commands held	10th Indian Infantry Division 20th Indian Infantry Brigade 16th Infantry Brigade 23rd Indian Infantry Division 34th Indian Corps Northern Ireland District Southern Command
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Distinguished Service Order

General Sir Ouvry Lindfield Roberts, GCB, KBE, DSO (3 April 1898 - 1986) was an officer in the British Army and the British Indian Army during World War I and World War II.

Military career

Educated at Cheltenham College, the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and King's College, Cambridge Ouvry Roberts was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1917.^[1] He served as Deputy Director of Military Operations and Intelligence in India from 1939 to 1941.^[1]

In January 1941 Roberts was appointed GSO1 (Chief Staff Officer) of 10th Indian Infantry Division which was then forming at Ahmednagar in India. Three months later the division was ordered to Iraq.^[2]

The RAF training base at Habbaniya, defended by 1,200 locally recruited Assyrians and Kurds and some armoured cars, was threatened by an Iraqi force in late April and three companies from 1st battalion Kings Own Royal Rifles were sent by air to reinforce the base. Roberts was sent to Habbaniya on 1 May to review the situation^[3] and assumed the de facto command of the land operations at RAF Habbaniya after the departure of Air Vice-Marshal H.G. ('Reggie') Smart who had been hurt in a car accident.^[4] Roberts was awarded the DSO for commanding the ground forces defending RAF Habbaniya.^[5]

He commanded what became known as the "Habbaniya Brigade" and, on 19 May 1941, participated in the successful capture of Fallujah.^[6] The "Habbaniya Brigade" was formed in the week following the end of the Iraqi siege of the British garrison at Habbaniya. Roberts formed the brigade by grouping the infantry reinforcements from Basra (2/4 Gurkha) and from Kingcol (1 Essex).^[7] Roberts returned to 10th Indian Division after completing what his divisional commander, Major-General William Slim, later described as "one of the best single-handed jobs any officer of his then rank had performed in the war".^[8]

As chief staff officer Roberts played an important role in 10th Indian Division's involvement in the Euphrates expedition during the Syria-Lebanon Campaign in July 1941 and the Anglo-Soviet Invasion of Iran a month later, earning him promotion to Commanding Officer of the division's 20th Indian Infantry Brigade in Iraq in January 1942.^[3]

In July 1942^[3] Roberts moved on to be Commanding Officer of 16th Infantry Brigade in Ceylon.^[1] As the threat of a Japanese invasion of Ceylon receded, 16th Infantry Brigade was redeployed in July 1943 while Roberts was appointed chief staff officer (BGS)of IV Corps at Imphal commanded by Lieutenant-General Geoffrey Scoones^[1][9] and which formed part of Bill Slim's Fourteenth Army.

In August 1943 Roberts was promoted to major-general and appointed General Officer Commanding 23rd Indian Infantry Division, part of IV Corps. The division's units were heavily involved in the decisive Battle of Imphal and the subsequent Allied advance into Burma. In August 1944 the division was withdrawn to India.^[10]

In March 1945 Roberts was promoted lieutenant-general and appointed General Officer Commanding XXXIV Indian Corps which was tasked with Operation Roger, an amphibious assault on the Kra Peninsula in Burma. Events moved more rapidly than anticipated and Roger was canceled. The corps was then tasked with Operation Zipper, an amphibious landing on the coast of Malaya. In the event, the landings, which took place in September 1945, were unopposed, taking place days after the Japanese surrender.^[1][11]

After the War Roberts was appointed as Vice Adjutant-General at the War Office in 1945.^[1] He became General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland District in 1948 and General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Command in 1949.^[1] He became Quartermaster-General to the Forces in 1952 and retired in 1955,^[1] widely regarded as one of the high achievers of the Second World War.^[11]

He was Aide-de-Camp General to the Queen from 1952 to 1955.^[1] He was Colonel Commandant the Royal Engineers from 1952 to 1962.^[1]

Retirement

In retirement he was a Director of Grosvenor Laing and then President of Grosvenor Laing from 1955 to 1960.^[1]

See also

• Anglo-Iraqi War
• Burma Campaign

References

• Lyman, Robert (2006). Iraq 1941: The Battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad. Campaign Series. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-991-6. 
• Mead, Richard (2007). Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0. 
• Slim, William (1956). Defeat Into Victory. London: Cassell. OCLC 253543428. 
• Wavell, Archibald (1946). Despatch on Operations in Iraq, East Syria and Iran from 10th April, 1941 to 12th January, 1942. London: War Office.  in London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 37685. pp. 4093–4102. 13 August 1946. Retrieved 2009-10-14.

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
2. ^ Mead, p. 395.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Mead, p. 396.
4. ^ Lyman, Iraq 1941, pg. 19
5. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 35396. p. 7333. 26 December 1941. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
6. ^ Lyman, Iraq 1941, pg. 20
7. ^ Lyman, Iraq 1941, pg. 69
8. ^ Slim, p. 301.
9. ^ Mead, p. 397.
10. ^ Mead pp. 397-398.
11. ^ ^{a b} Mead, p. 398.

Military offices
Preceded by Gerard Bucknall	General Officer Commanding the British Army in Northern Ireland 1948–1949	Succeeded by Sir Reginald Denning
Preceded by Sir John Harding	GOC-in-C Southern Command 1949–1952	Succeeded by Sir Ernest Down
Preceded by Sir Ivor Thomas	Quartermaster-General to the Forces 1952–1955	Succeeded by Sir Maurice Chilton

Persondata
Name	Roberts, Ouvry Lindfield
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	3 April 1898
Place of birth
Date of death	1986
Place of death