High king

A high king is a king who holds a position of seniority over a group of other kings, without the title of Emperor; compare King of Kings.

Rulers who have been termed "high king" (by their contemporaries or by modern observers) include:

• Various ancient Celtic rulers, notably the High King (Ard Rí) of Ireland. Some other monarchs, such as King Arthur, Uther Pendragon, and Vortigern, have been termed "High King of Britain" in some accounts.
• The ruler of the Picts.
• The Ard Rí Alban, high king of Scotland.
• Some ancient Greek rulers, such as Agamemnon (see anax).
• The most powerful king of the various Etruscan city-states.
• Mepe-Umaglesi "Most High King" was a predicate of the Georgian Orthodox Mepe-Mepeta ("King of Kings")
• In Lithuania, the title of "Didysis Kunigaikštis" is more accurately translated as "high king", although it is traditionally rendered as "Grand Duke"
• In ancient Sumer, the rulers of all Sumer held the title of "Nam-Lugal" (High King).^[1]

The Bretwalda was essentially the high king of the Anglo-Saxons, though the name is rarely translated as such. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong in Malaysia could probably be seen as a "high king", as he is selected from among nine Malay rulers (seven Sultans, a Raja, and a Great Lord) by election (through informal agreement, on a rotational basis). In practice, however, the term "high king" is rarely applied to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, rather "King".

The titles "maharaja" or similar (Indian), and "daewang" (Korean) could possibly be rendered as "high king", although the literal meaning is closer to "great king". The title "King of Kings" also expresses much the same concept as "high king" – it was used at various times by the Emperor of Persia (shahanshah) and the Emperor of Ethiopia.

Other uses

• High-King (ハイ・キング, Hai-Kingu^?) is also the name of a J-pop group created in 2008 featuring Ai Takahashi, Reina Tanaka, Saki Shimizu, Maimi Yajima and Yuuka Maeda.
• In C. S. Lewis's fictional Chronicles of Narnia, Peter was the High King of Narnia over Edmund, by virtue of being the eldest. He was also the High King over all Kings of Narnia, from the first to the last. Aslan, the deity and the Great Lion of Narnia, is described as being "the High King above all High Kings", meaning He is the highest King over all rulers of Narnia.
• In J. R. R. Tolkien's works, mainly The Silmarillion, there was a succession of High Kings of the Noldor exiled in Middle-earth, beginning with Fëanor and culminating in Gil-galad's reign. Ingwë, leader of the Vanyar, is also referred as the High King of the Eldar, while Manwë is also sometimes titled High King of Arda. Thingol is acknowledged as high-king of Beleriand by Fingolfin. In the Third Age, the rulers of Arnor were known as "High King", including Aragorn, as King Elessar.
• In Lloyd Alexander's Chronicles of Prydain, there is a line of High Kings of Prydain (a fictionalized version of Wales) who are descendants of a royal family who came from the Summer Country in order to oppose Arawn. The High King throughout the series is Gwydion's father Math, who is then succeeded by Gwydion and later Taran in the final novel of the series, The High King.
• In Bethesda Softworks The Elder Scrolls The high king is the highest authority in the Province of Skyrim.

See also

• Capo di tutti capi
• Emperor
• Primus inter pares

References

1. ^ Dawson, Doyne. The First Armies. London: Cassell & Co. 2001, p. 80.