- Toyota R engine
The
Toyota R family was a series ofstraight-4 engines produced from1953 through1995 . It was designed forlongitudinal use in such vehicles as the Celica and Cressida.OHC versions featured a chain-drivencamshaft .History of the R family
R
The 1.5 L (1453 cc) R family was produced from 1953 through 1964.
Bore was 77 mm (3.03 in) and stroke was 78 mm (3.07 in).Corona 1500 Parts Catalog, No.53282-67] In common with new engines of the time, it was made from cast iron (both the block and the head), water cooled, used a three bearing crank, 12V electrics and a side mounted chain driven camshaft controlling overhead valves via pushrods in a non-cross flow head (exhaust and inlet manifolds being on the same side of the engine).x] Induction was by a twin throat down-draft carburettor, the compression ratio was 8.0:1 and the total weight was 155 kg.x] An LPG version, the R-LPG, was produced for the last two years.
The R engine was the Toyota engine used in the 1958
Toyota Crown , the first model to be exported to the United States. "Road & Track " was unimpressed with the engine on its introduction, noting that it idled quietly but was "not capable of very high revolutions per minute."Applications:
* 1964–1967Toyota Stout , 85 hp (63 kW)
* 1969–?Toyota Hilux
* 1967–1969Toyota Corona (US)
* 1959–1967Toyota Crown
* 1959–?Toyota Masterline 4R
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) 4R family was produced from
1965 through1968 .Bore was 78 mm.
Applications:
* 1967Toyota Corona (Japan)5R
The 2.0 L (1994 cc) 5R family was produced from
1968 through1986 .
An LPG version, the 5R-LPG, was produced from1968 through1983 .It was a 2-valve OHV engine. Cylinder bore was 88 mm (3.46 in) and stroke was 82 mm (3.23 in).
Output was 106 hp (79 kW) at 5200 rpm and 125 ft·lbf (169 N·m) at 3000 rpm.6R
The 1.7 L (1707 cc) 6R was produced from
1969 through1974 .
Output was 107hp at 5300 rpm The 6R-B was produced those same years.
The 6R-LPG was produced from1970 through1973 .7R
The 1.6 L (1591 cc) 7R was produced from
1968 through1971 with a twin throat down-draft carburettor.Toyota Corona Deluxe, Parts Catalog, No.53212-68]
The 7R-B was produced from1968 through1969 with dual SU carburettors and higher compression.
The 7R-LPG was produced from1969 through1970 .The 7R was similar in displacement and technology to the 4R except the wider 86 mm bore and shorter 68.5 mm stroke of the 7R gave different power characteristics.
Applications:
* 18R/18R-C/18R-U/18R-E
** 1972Toyota Corona "2000"
** 1972Toyota Corona "2000 MK. II"
** 1972Toyota Celica "2000"
** 197XToyota Cressida "2000"/"Gen1"
* 18R-C
** 1972-1974Toyota Hilux , 108 hp (80.5 kW)
** 1974-1981Toyota Celica "2000"18R-G
The 2-valve
DOHC 18R-G and its variations were produced from 1973 to 1982. While most 18R-Gs had a head designed and made by Yamaha, a very few had Toyota heads. Yamaha's tuning-fork logo can be seen on the Yamaha heads. Except for the head and related timing components, most parts were shared or interchangeable with the SOHC 18R.In 1973, air injection was added to the Japan-market 18R-GR for improved emissions. A
fuel injected Japan-market version, the 18R-GEU, was produced from 1978 through 1982.Competition versions of the 18R-G and -GE include those used in rally Celicas of the period. Some of these engines had 4-valve heads and developed up to 240 HP (180 kW) of power.
Applications:
* 1973-1981Toyota Celica GT 2000
* 1982-1983Toyota Celica GT 2000 (RA63)
* 1974-1983Toyota Carina GT 2000
* 1978-1983 Toyota Celica Camry GT 2000
* 1973-1982Toyota Corona GT 200020R
The 2-valve
SOHC 2.2 L (2189 cc) 20R was produced from1975 through1980 .
Cylinder bore was 88.4 mm (3.48 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in). Aluminum alloy heads were used.Initial output was 96 hp (72 kW) at 4800 rpm (90 hp in
California ) and 120 ft·lbf (162 N·m) at 2800 rpm. Power was down slightly from1978 through1979 at 95 hp (71 kW) at 4800 rpm and 122 ft·lbf (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm. The final version, from1979 through1980 , was down again at 90 hp (67 kW) at 4800 rpm and 122 ft·lbf (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm.Applications:
* 1975-1980Toyota Hilux
* 1975-1981Toyota Celica U.S. Version
* 1975Toyota Corona U.S. Version21R
The 2-valve
SOHC 2.0 L (1972 cc) 21R was produced from1978 through1987 .
Cylinder bore was 84 mm (3.31 in) and stroke was 89 mm (3.5 in).Output in
1978 , constrained by emissions, was 105 hp (78 kW) at 5200 rpm and 116 ft·lbf (157 N·m) at 3600 rpm. Air injection andCalifornia emissions equipment for the 21R-C (1982 -1985 ) dropped power down to 90 hp (67 kW) at 5000 rpm. The air-injected Japanese version, the 21R-U, produced 105 hp (78 kW) at 5200 rpm and 120 ft·lbf (162 N·m) at 3600 rpm but dropped to 101 hp (75 kW) at 5400 rpm and 114 ft·lbf (154 N·m) at 4000 rpm in1986 .22R
The 2-valve
SOHC 2.4 L (2366 cc) 22R was produced from1981 through1995 .
Cylinder bore was 91.9 mm (3.62 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in).Initial output was 97 hp (72 kW) at 4800 rpm and 129 ft·lbf (174 N·m) at 2800 rpm.
By1990 the 22R was producing 108 hp (81 kW) at 5000 rpm and 138 ft·lbf (187 N·m) at 3400 rpm.The first
fuel injected 22R-E engines appeared in1983 .
Output of these engines is commonly rated at 105 hp (78 kW) at 4800 rpm and 137 ft·lbf (185 N·m) at 2800 rpm.In
1985 , the engine was significantly reworked, output was up to 112 hp (84 kW) at 4600 rpm and 142 ft·lbf (192 N·m) at 3400 rpm. Many parts from the newer 22R-E are not compatible with those from the older pre-1985 engine. Non-compatible parts include the cylinder head and many of the associated parts such as the timing chain.Toyota swapped the dual row timing chain used in older engines for a single row chain with plastic guides. This system reduced drag on the engine, but was inherently problematic. Every 80,000 to 100,000 miles, the chain stretches to the point that the hydraulic-operated chain tensioner can not take up any more slack. When this happens, the timing chain impacts driver's side chain guide, breaking the plastic within a few hundred miles of driving. If the engine continues to be operated after the guide breaks, the chain will stretch rapidly (an unfortunate characteristic of single row chains.) The loose chain causes inaccurate ignition timing which usually results in noticeable rough running. It may also rub a hole in the soft aluminum timing cover, resulting in engine coolant being forced into the oil sump and ultimately destroying the engine. In continued operation the chain can jump a tooth on the drive sprocket or break entirely, with either case resulting in engine damage from valve-piston collisions.
The
turbocharged 22R-TE (sold from1986 through1988 ) produced 135 hp (101 kW) at 4800 rpm and 173 ft·lbf (234 N·m) at 2800 rpm.However, its weakness is high-end power. Thus, most "performance" enthusiasts usually prefer the Toyota 18R-G, 2T-G,
4A-GE and 3S-GE 4-cylinder engines, The 22R has a bigger displacement and a strong block, but its comparatively long stroke limits its use in high revving applications.The engines are extremely well known for their durability, high fuel efficiency and good low to mid range torque.
Applications:
* 22R
** 1981Toyota Celica
** 1981Toyota Corona
** 1981-1988Toyota Hilux
** 1982-1984Toyota Celica
** 1981-1996Toyota Pickup
** 1984Toyota 4Runner
* 22R-E
** 1985-1995Toyota Hilux
** 1983-1985Toyota Celica
** 1985-1995Toyota Pickup
** 1985-1995Toyota 4Runner
* 22R-TE
** 1986-1988Toyota Hilux , 135 hp (101 kW)
** 1987Toyota 4Runner References
ee also
*
List of Toyota engines
* [http://www.toysport.com/Technical%20Information/22r_tech_notes.htm 22R Tech Notes] (Toysport)
* [http://www.toyoland.com/engines/20R.html Toyota 20R engines: details and photos] (Toyoland)
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