John Elley

Lieutenant-General Sir John Elley MP KCB KCH KMT and KSG, Governor of Galway and Colonel of the 17th Lancers (died 23rd January, 1839) was a British cavalry officer who fought with distinction in the Napoleonic Wars.

Harry Smith remembered Sir John as his mentor in this extract from his autobiography:

"The celebrated Cavalry officer, Sir John Elley, a very tall, bony, and manly figure of a man, with grim~visaged war depicted in his countenance, with whiskers, moustaches, etc. like a French Pioneer, came over to Dover during the time of our occupation of France. He was walking on the path, with his celebrated sword belted under his surtout. As the hooking up of the sword gave the coat-flap the appearance of having something large concealed under it, a lower order of Custom officer ran after him, rudely calling, "I say, you officer, you! stop, stop, I say! What's that under your coat?" Sir John turned round, and drawing his weapon of defence in many a bloody fight, to the astonishment of the John Bulls, roared out through his moustache in a voice of thunder, "That which I will run through your d--d guts, if you are impertinent to me!" - [http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~awoodley/harry/harry28.html]

Biographical information about Sir John is scarce, perhaps partly because of his humble origins. John Elley was born in London, circa 1770. His father ran an eating-house at Furnival's Inn. Apprenticed to Mr. John Gelderd, a tannery owner of the village of Meanwood near Leeds, Yorkshire, he became engaged to his masters daughter Anne. After her untimely death, he enlisted, in 1789, as a trooper in the Oxford Blues (Royal Horse Guards) seeing service in Flanders (1793-95) India (1790s), the Peninsula War and the Battle of Waterloo. He obtained a Lieutenancy in 1796, a Troop in 1799, was promoted to Major in 1804, Lieutenant Colonelin 1808 and Colonel in 1813. He became a Major General in 1819 and a Lieutenant General in 1832.

One famous act of heroism occurred at the Battle of Talavera (1809), as he lead the charge riding a white horse across unknown terrain. A chasm suddenly appeared before him and he was forced to jump it at full gallop. As he wrote in a letter to his sister Mrs Ellis, dated 30th July, 1809:

"More fire I was never in, nor more perils did I escape. I led on one Squadron to the Charge as a forlorn hope and out of 80 men I had not a dozen left – a very severe List of Killed and Wounded you will see by the Gazette – It will be great Satisfaction to my good old Father to Know that I had during the action a very conspicuous share, and in which I had the good Fortune to Succeed to the intense Satisfaction of the General Officers..." - [http://berryhillsturgeon.com/BSL/BritishMilitary/PeninsularWar/Talaveras1809/Talaveras1809.html]

Battle of Waterloo

As a Colonel in the Blues Sir John was appointed Deputy Adjutant-General of Cavalry at Waterloo. He was severely wounded in the battle. Sir Walter Scott, in "Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk", described his feats at the attack of Mont St. Jean, a ridge to the south of the village of Waterloo:

"Sir John Elley, who led the charge of the heavy brigade, was himself distinguished for personal prowess. He was at one time surrounded by several of the cuirassiers; but, being a tall and uncommonly powerful man, completely master of his sword and horse, he cut his way out, leaving several of his assailants on the ground, marked with wounds, indicating the unusual strength of the arm which inflicted them. Indeed, had not the ghastly evidence remained on the field, many of the blows dealt upon this occasion would have seemed borrowed from the annals of knight-errantry, for several of the corpses exhibited heads cloven to the chine, or severed from the shoulders."

Post-War Career

Sent to Ireland following the war, Sir John held various positions, including Commander of Connaught, and finally Governor of Galway (1827) - this position was not filled after his death. He was presented with the Order of the Bath by King George IV at Dublin Castle in August, 1822.

He was made Colonel of the 17th Lancers (Woolwich Depot) on 23rd November, 1829, replacing Lord Somerset.

He was elected Member of Parliament for Windsor in Robert Peel's Tory government. In 1836 the Eton & Windsor Gazette complained of the undue influence of the Castle on elections for that seat:

"It is well known in this Borough there are a number of Electors who hold situations in the Royal Establishment, but who reside in the town. At the election of Members of Parliament those men - footmen, pages, and other - have been generally rendered subservient to Tory purposes. They are men who are permitted to have no opinion of their own, but are commanded by some one or other of their superiors in the Establishment of Their Majesties, to vote in a certain way. This it was that occasioned the return of Sir John Elley at the last election, who is frequently a guest at the Castle, and who of course obtains the influence of the many Tory hangers-on of the Court."

Death and Legacy

Sir John Elley died at his country seat Cholderton Lodge, Wiltshire in 1839 and was buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. His tomb includes a bust in black and white marble. His portrait, held by the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom), was painted about 1837 as a study for the famous William Salter painting 'Waterloo Banquet At Apsley House, 1836', which depicts a commemorative banquet held by the Duke of Wellington at his London home on the anniversary of the battle.

Though unmarried, Sir John was believed to have fathered at least one illegitimate son, who, legend has it, emigrated to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania).

In his will, dated 6th April,1838, Sir John left nothing to any member of his family. However, an Isabella Elizabeth Elley, daughter of the Reverend William Gifford Cookesley, of Eton College, was to receive a legacy of £300. The main beneficiary of the will was Sir John's housekeeper, Jane Carter. She was to receive a sizable portion of the contents of his home, a legacy of £2,000 and £300 a year for life. Jane's sister, Mary, was left a sum of £200 and £50 per year and her brother Edward £100 and £25 per year. The Officers Mess of the Horse Guards was to receive a legacy of £300 for the purchase of plate. Various charities also benefited from the will, as follows :-

to the Magdalen Asylum on the Blackfriars Road £300; to the Blind Asylum, London Road £300; to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Old Kent Road £300; to the Orphan Asylum, Clapton £300; to the Female Orphan Asylum, Westminster £300; to Saint Georges Hospital, Grosvenor Place £300; to the Westminster Lying-in Hospital £300; to the Bethlem Diameter Hospital, Lambeth £500; to the Society for the Refuge of Destitute Women, Sackville Road £200; to the Institute for the cure of Cancers in the Kent Road £250; to the Rector and Corporation of New Windsor £1,000, to be given as loans to necessitous shopkeepers and tradespeople. A further £2,000 was to be used for the support of six poor persons of 54 or more years of age.

External links

* [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp01464 Portrait (National Gallery)]
* [http://www.historikorders.com/officercavalry.htm Medals]
* [http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~awoodley/harry/harry28.html Description in Harry Smith's autobiography]
* [http://www.sustainable-cholderton.co.uk The Cholderton Estate, including the Lodge]
* [http://www.historikorders.com/campbellgroup.htm Jpeg of The Waterloo Banquet by William Salter]