John Quelch (pirate)

Infobox Pirate
name=John Quelch
lived=1666-1704


caption=John Quelch's standard, the Flag of St. George
placeofbirth=London
placeofdeath=Boston
allegiance=flagicon|ENGEngland
serviceyears=1703-1704
base of operations=Marblehead
rank=Captain
commands=Charles
battles=
wealth=£10,000 sterling
laterwork=

John Quelch had a lucrative but very brief career of about one year. His chief claim to historical significance is that he was the first person to be tried for piracy outside of England under Admiralty Law and thus without a jury. These Admiralty courts had been instituted to tackle the rise of piracy in colonial ports where civil and criminal courts had proved ineffective.

Pirate career

In July, 1703, Governor Joseph Dudley of Boston sent out Captain Daniel Plowman of the "Charles" with a privateering license to attack French and Spanish ships off the coast of Newfoundland and Arcadia. John Quelch was Plowman's lieutenant. Before leaving Marblehead, Massachusetts, the "Charles"'s crew under Quartermaster Anthony Holding mutinied and locked the ailing Plowman in his cabin. [http://www.thepiratesrealm.com/New%20England.html New England Pirates] -ThePiratesRealm.com] The crew elected Quelch the captain, who turned the "Charles" south. Plowman was thrown overboard, although it was never established whether he was dead or alive at that moment. The crew plundered nine Portuguese ships off the coast of Brazil and gained a large sum of money,Gosse, P: "The Pirates' Who's Who Giving Particulars Of The Lives and Deaths Of The Pirates And Buccaneers", page 253. Lenox Hill Pub, 1968] even though England and Portugal were at peace at the time. [http://blindkat.hegewisch.net/pirates/jolirouge.html Pirates of the Caribbean: The Jolly Roger] -Blind Kat Publishers] The "Charles" contained large amounts of Brazilian sugar, hides, cloth, guns, gold dust and coins. The loot's total value is estimated at over £10,000 sterling (some £1 million in today's money). [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/C9407.aspx Quelch' Gold] -Summary of the book "Quelch's Gold] Before their capture, legend says the crew buried some of the gold on Star Island off the coast of New Hampshire. In the 1800's some gold coins were found hidden in a stone wall there.

Death

When the "Charles" returned to Marblehead 10 months later, the crewmen scattered with their plunder. Within a week, Quelch was in jail, because the Portuguese were not in his letter of marque and more importantly, Queen Anne and the King of Portugal had just became allies. He and others of his crew were taken to Boston to be tried. This was the first admiralty trial outside of England. It was called by one historian "the first case of judicial murder in America." On Friday, June 30, 1704, the pirates were marched on foot through Boston to Scarlet's Wharf accompanied by a guard of musketeers, various officials, and two ministers, while in front was carried a silver oar, the emblem of the Lord High Admiral. Upon reaching the gallows, the minister gave the pirates a long and fervent sermon. All of the pirates showed repentance on their faces except Captain Quelch. Before he was hanged, Quelch stepped up while holding his hat and bowed to the spectators. He also gave a short address and warned them, "They should take care how they brought Money into New England to be Hanged for it." Their bodies were buried in between the tide marks.

Charles

The "Charles" was an eighty ton vessel built in Boston between 1701 and 1703. It was owned by some of the most prominent people in Boston and was equipped to go privateering off the coast of Newfoundland and Arcadia.

Crew

Here follows a list of all the known crewmembers aboard the "Charles" while Quelch was Captain.
*Austin, James
*Breck, John
*Carter, Dennis
*Carter, John
*Chevalle, Daniel
*Clifford, John
*Chuley, Daniel
*Davis, Gabriel
*Dorothy, John
*Dunbar, Nicholas
*Farrington, Thomas
*Giddens, Paul
*Harwood, John
*Holding, Anthony
*Hutnot, Joseph
*James, Charles
*Johnson, Isaac
*Jones, William
*King, Charles
*King, Francis
*King, John
*Lambert, John
*Lawson, Nicholas
*Lawrence, Richard
*Miller, John
*Norton, George
*Pierse, George
*Perkins, Benjamin
*Parrot, James
*Pattison, James
*Perkins, Benjamin
*Peterson, Erasmus
*Pitman, John
*Pimer, Matthew
*Quelch, Captain John
*Quittance, John
*Rayner, William
*Richardson, Nicholas
*Roach, Peter
*Scudamore, Christopher
*Templeton, John
*Thurbar, Richard
*Whiting, William
*Way, John
*Wiles, William

Of the above, six including Quelch were hanged. More than half the crew escaped capture. Parrot, Clifford, and Pimer had turned Queen's evidence and escaped prosecution. John Templeton was found to be only a servant on the ship and was not even 14, so he was released.

Old Roger?

Popular myth has it that John Quelch flew a pirate flag referred to as Old Roger by his crew. It is sometimes considered to be the origin of the name Jolly Roger. It is alleged that his theme was later borrowed by Blackbeard and also Bartholomew "Black Bart" Roberts. There is no evidence whatsoever that Quelch flew any flag other than the Flag of St. George or possibly a privateer's flag of St. George quartered on a red background similar to today's British merchant colors. Courtroom testimony from the crew maintained that the flag of England had been flown at all times. The origin of this myth of Quelch's flag being described as having "in the middle of it an Anatomy with an Hourglass in one hand and a dart in the Heart with three drops of Blood proceeding from it in the other." most likely stems from the poetic license of Ralph D Paine, a popular writer at the turn of the 20th century. None of the principals involved in the affair, not even the Governor or the prosecution, ever mentioned such colors being employed by Quelch.

References

External links

[http://www.captain-quelch.com Quelch's Gold]