- Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł
-
For other people with the name of Mikołaj Radziwiłł, see Mikołaj Radziwiłł (disambiguation).
Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł
Portrait of Mikołaj 'Czarny' RadziwiłłBorn February 4, 1515
NiaśvižDied May 28, 1565 (aged 50)
VilniusResting place Dubingiai, Lithuania Religion Calvinism Spouse Elżbieta Szydłowiecka Children with Elżbieta Szydłowiecka:
Mikolaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł
Elżbieta Radziwiłł
Zofia Agnieszka Radziwiłł
Anna Magdalena Radziwiłł
Jerzy Radziwiłł
Albrycht Radziwiłł
Stanisław Pius Radziwiłł
Krystyna RadziwiłłParents Jan Radziwiłł
Anna KiszkaMikolaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł, nicknamed The Black (Lithuanian: Mikalojus Radvila Juodasis, Belarusian: Мікалай Радзівіл Чорны, Latin: Nicolaus Radvil also known as Mikołaj Radziwiłł The Fifth, 1515 – 1565) was Lithuanian noble[1] of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, voivode of Vilnius, Grand Grand Lithuanian Chancellor and the Grand Hetman of Lithuania.
Mikołaj was able to gain much political influence thanks to the romance between his cousin Barbara Radziwiłł and King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Zygmunt II August.[2] This made him one of the most powerful Royal advisers.[2] Mikolaj became Marshal of Lithuania, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, as well as Palatine of Vilnius, gained immense wealth and became the most powerful magnate in the Commonwealth of that time.[2]
The growing influence of the Radziwiłł family was further bolstered when, during a diplomatic mission to Charles V and Ferdinand I, he and his cousin Mikołaj the Red received a hereditary title of Prince (Reichsfürst (SRI)).[2]
He formed an alliance with his cousin Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł against other notable Lithuanian families in the rivalry for the dominant status in the Great Duchy of Lithuania.[2] This alliance marked the formation of a dynastic-like cooperation between Radziwiłłs and showed how family interests could affect magnates' relations with the state.[2] Both Radziwiłłs backed the cause of Lithuania's sovereignty and opposed the growing Polish-Lithuanian union.[2]
Coincidentally, despite opposing close ties with Poland, he was the chief negotiator in the successful negotiation between Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the state controlled by the Livonian Order, which led to the secularisation of Livonia and its union with Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1562.[2]
Mikołaj contributed to the ongoing Polonisation of the Grand Duchy, influencing other Lithuanian nobles to follow him in adopting Polish culture – its fashion, customs and language.[2]
He was known for his religious beliefs, as he was one of the most prominent converts and advocates of the Reformed churches faith in Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[2] He provided financial support for the printing of the first complete Polish translation of the Bible in 1563 in Brest-Litovsk, distributed works written in defense of the Reformed faith, financed a church and college in Vilnius, supported educated Protestants, and in various other ways fostered the Calvinist faith.[2] He is known to have exchanged letters with John Calvin and protecting religious exiles form Italy. Because Protestants supported usage of local languages, he is also believed to have funded Lithuanian churches and schools.[citation needed]
With the exception of his daughter Anna, all his children converted to Roman Catholicism and became ardent supporters of the Counter Reformation. He is remembered by a statue in the Brest Millennium Monument.
Notes
Grand Marshals of Lithuania
(Marszałek wielki litewski)Stanisław Czupuruna · Rumbaudas Valimantaitis · Radvila Astikas · Petras Mantigirdaitis · Martynas Goštautas · Bohdan Andrzej Sakowicz · Piotr Jan Montygerdowicz · Jan Zabrzeziński · Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł · Mikalojus Kęsgaila · Stanislaw Piotr Kiszka · Jan Mikołaj Radziwiłł · Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł · Jan Hieronim Chodkiewicz · Mikołaj "the Orphan" Radziwiłł · Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł · Stanisław Radziwiłł · Krzysztof Monwind Drohostajski · Piotr Wiesiołowski · Jan Stanisław Sapieha · Krzysztof Wiesiołowski · Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł · Krzysztof Zawisza · Aleksander Hilary Połubiński · Stanisław Kazimierz Radziwiłł · Jan Karol Dolski · Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki · Aleksander Paweł Sapieha · Kazimierz Antoni Sanguszko · Marcjan Dominik Wołłowicz · Aleksander Paweł Sapieha · Paweł Karol Sanguszko · Ignacy Ogiński · Józef Paulin Sanguszko · Władysław Roch Gurowski · Roman Ignacy Potocki · Ludwik Tyszkiewicz
Grand Chancellors of Lithuania
(Kanclerz wielki litewski)Mikalojus Radvila · Mikołaj Radziwiłł · Olbracht Gasztołd · Jan Jurjewicz Hlebowicz · Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł · Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł · Eustachy Wołłowicz · Lew Sapieha · Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł · Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac · Marcjan Aleksander Ogiński · Dominik Mikołaj Radziwiłł · Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł · Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki · Jan Fryderyk Sapieha · Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski · Aleksander Michał Sapieha · Joachim Chreptowicz
Great Hetmans of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Konstanty Ostrogski · Semen Jurewicz · Stanislovas Kęsgaila · Stanisław Piotrowicz Kiszka · Konstanty Ostrogski · Jerzy Radziwiłł · Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł · Jeremi Chodkiewicz · Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł · Krzysztof Mikołaj "the Thunderbolt" Radziwiłł · Jan Karol Chodkiewicz · Lew Sapieha · Krzysztof Radziwiłł · Janusz Kiszka · Janusz Radziwiłł · Paweł Jan Sapieha · Michał Kazimierz Pac · Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki · Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Younger · Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Elder · Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński · Ludwik Pociej · Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki · Michał "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł · Michał Józef Massalski · Michał Kazimierz Ogiński · Szymon Marcin Kossakowski
Categories:- Hetmans
- 1515 births
- 1565 deaths
- Converts to Calvinism
- People from Nesvizh
- Lithuanian nobility
- Polish Calvinists
- Radziwiłł family
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.