It was found by Michael O'Nan (1976) in a study of groups with a Sylow 2-subgroup of "Alperin type", meaning isomorphic to a Sylow 2-Subgroup of a group of type (Z/2nZ ×Z/2nZ ×Z/2nZ).PSL3(F2). The Schur multiplier has order 3, and its outer automorphism group has order 2. Its triple cover has two 45-dimensional representations over the field with 7 elements, exchanged by an outer automorphism (Ryba 1988). The subgroup fixed by an outer automorphism of order 2 is the Janko group J1, a maximal subgroup.
O'N is one of the 6 sporadic simple groups called the pariahs, because they are not found within the Monster group.
References
O'Nan, Michael E. (1976), "Some evidence for the existence of a new simple group", Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. Third Series32 (3): 421–479, doi:10.1112/plms/s3-32.3.421, ISSN0024-6115, MR0401905
R. L. Griess, Jr, The Friendly Giant, Inventiones Mathematicae 69 (1982), 1-102. p. 94: proof that O'N is a pariah.
A. J. E. Ryba, A new construction of the O'Nan simple group. J. Algebra 112 (1988), no. 1, 173-197.MR0921973
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