Cape Siskin

Cape Siskin
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Fringillidae
Genus:	Serinus
Species:	S. totta
Binomial name
Serinus totta (Sparrmann, 1786)

The Cape Siskin, Serinus totta, is a small passerine bird in the finch family. It is an endemic resident breeder in the southern Cape Province of South Africa. It is sometimes assigned to the genus Pseudochloroptila as Pseudochloroptila totta.

This species is sometimes considered to be conspecific with the Drakensberg Siskin, Serinus symonsi of eastern Cape Province, western Natal and Lesotho in which case the nominate western form is S. t totta, and the eastern form is S. t. symonsi.

This locally common but shy and unobtrusive siskin is found in the southwestern and southern Cape’s rocky slopes, coastal cliffs and fynbos covered mountains. It also occurs in towns and the suburbs of Cape Town.

Description

The Cape Siskin averages 13 cm in length. The flight feathers and tail have white spots on the tips which are diagnostic for both sexes, and especially visible in flight. The adult male has a light brown back, wing coverts, rump and upper tail and yellow underparts. The head, nape and sides of neck are yellowish grey and olive. Fine dark brown streaks are most prominent on the head and the sides of the throat.

The female is similar but duller; she lacks grey on the head and has more streaking on the face and breast. The juvenile plumage is much like the female’s but duller and with darker or browner underparts.

There is no range overlap with the slightly larger Drakensberg Siskin, which lacks the white spots on the flight feathers and tail and has less uniform upperparts.

The Cape Siskin’s call is a voyp-veeyr, often given in flight. and the song is a weak, pleasant warble similar to the Yellow-fronted Canary.

Phylogeny

Cape Siskin is a canary, which appears more ancient than many others in the phylogenetic Serinus dendrograms. Arnaiz-Villena et al.^[1][2]

Behaviour

Breeding

One reason for the taxonomic uncertainty with this species is that, if it is a true siskin, it is the only one which breeds in cavities. A shallow cup nest is constructed in cracks or holes in rocks, on ledges or amongst vegetation, especially ferns. Natural hollows in trees are rarely used. There is a recent record of a nest in an artificial structure, the old lighthouse at Cape Point.

The nest is constructed by the female with fine plant material, lined with plant down and animal hair. The clutch is three or four, occasionally five, eggs, incubated by the female. She is fed by the male on the nest by regurgitation.

Feeding

The Cape Siskin is seen in pairs or small flock, moving unobtrusively through bushes and scrub as it forages for seeds, buds and insects.

References

1. ^ Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio; Alvarez-Tejado M., Ruiz-del-Valle V., García-de-la-Torre C., Varela P, Recio M. J., Ferre S., Martinez-Laso J. (1999). "Rapid Radiation of Canaries (Genus Serinus)". Mol. Biol. Evol. 16: 2–11. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/1/2.full.pdf. 
2. ^ Zamora, J; Moscoso J, Ruiz-del-Valle V, Ernesto L, Serrano-Vela JI, Ira-Cachafeiro J, Arnaiz-Villena A (2006). "Conjoint mitochondrial phylogenetic trees for canaries Serinus spp. and goldfinches Carduelis spp. show several specific polytomies". Ardeola 53: 1–17. http://www.ardeola.org/files/1260.pdf. 

• Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton, SASOL Birds of Southern Africa (Struik 2002) ISBN 1-86872-721-1
• Clement, Harris and Davis, Finches and Sparrows by ISBN 0-7136-8017-2
• Western Cape Nature Conservation Board & Avian Demography Unit (pdf)
• Siskins of the World