Japanese loanwords in Hawaii

Many loanwords in Hawaiian Pidgin (or Hawaiian Creole English) derive from the Japanese language. The linguistic influences of the Japanese in Hawaii began with the first immigrants from Japan in 1868 and continue with the large Japanese American population in Hawaiokinai today.

The following lists three categories of Japanese loanwords in Hawaiokinai: Food, Objects, and Miscellaneous.

Note that there are other Japanese words common among the Japanese American population (such as "okazu" and "obaachan"), but not as well-known among Hawaiokinai's general population. Such words have not been included here. Also, Japanese words such as "anime," () "karaoke," () "samurai," (侍) and "sushi" () which have entered the English language on a national level have not been included either.

It is also interesting to note that some words are not from the standard Japanese language. They instead originated from Japan's regional dialects. For example, the word "bobora" is said to be spoken only in certain prefectures, especially in western Japan where many of the Japanese immigrants came from. It originates from the Portuguese word "abóbora" meaning Japanese pumpkin.

Food

* Anpan (, 餡パン): A sweet bread filled with azuki bean paste and sprinkled on top with sesame seeds. Usually larger than the Japanese variety.
* Bento (, べんとう): Box lunch geared for portability for picnics, etc. It typically has rice, a main dish of meat or fish, and side dishes. It used to be food on a paper plate placed inside a thin cardboard box. Now, it's all in convenient styrofoam containers molded for each dish.
* Manju (): Confection with sweet azuki bean paste inside a flour-based outside.
* Miso soup (): Soup made of fermented soybean paste called miso. "Miso-shiru" in Japanese.
* Mochi (): Rice cake made of a special kind of rice that has been pounded into a sticky mass. Mochi may be sweetened or unsweetened. Commonly pounded and eaten during New Year's, as in Japan. Sweetened azuki beans are commonly included with mochi as part of a confection.:* Mochi crunch: Rice crackers seasoned with shoyu. Also called "kaki mochi". Called "arare" in standard Japanese.:* Mochi ice cream: Ice cream coated with a thin layer of frozen mochi.
* Musubi: Rice triangle wrapped in dried seaweed; may or may not have something in the middle, like a pickled "ume" or bits of fish. Spam musubi has a piece of SPAM luncheon meat on top. In Japanese the word "onigiri" is more commonly used for rice balls. Without further clarification, "musubi" usually implies the triangle variety (it should be noted that round balls of rice are only eaten at funerals).
* Shoyu (): Soy sauce. "Shoyu rice" is shoyu sprinkled over rice. "Shoyu "x" is some ingredient "x" cooked in soy sauce, e.g. "Shoyu chicken", "shoyu pork", "shoyu tofu".
* Sukiyaki (): Thin slices of beef, vegetables, and tofu simmered in a skillet or pan in sukiyaki sauce. It is also the title of a No. 1 hit song in the U.S. made popular by Kyu Sakamoto in 1963. The Japanese title of the song is "Ue o muite arukō—it has nothing to do with the food product.)
* Teriyaki (): Grilled meat basted with a sauce made of shoyu and sugar. Meat words such as "chicken" are often appended. A common dish in plate lunches. Often shortened to "teri", e.g. "teri burger".
* Tako (): Octopus. Often used in a local dish called poke (pronounced POH-kay) in which case it is called "tako poke".
* Tofu (): Soybean curd.

Objects

* Benjo (): Toilet, exchangeable with Hawaiian-derived "lua". Although originally a Japanese word with no particular connotation, in Japan, it is now considered to be crude, and many Japanese people find this term offensive. (See also: Japanese toilet).
* Bobora: A country hick fresh off the boat from Japan. Also called "Japan bobora". Originally from a regional Japanese dialect, based on the Portuguese word "abóbora", meaning a Japanese squash.
* Boro boros: Dirty clothes, rags. Old clothes worn for activities like house painting, car repair, etc.
* Chawan cut: A hairstyle that was common among little Japanese girls. It looked like someone put a bowl (茶碗, "chawan") over the head and cut around the rim. In Japanese, it is called "okappa", after the Japanese mythological creature called kappa which sports a similar haircut.
* Daikon legs: Daikon ( or 大根) are large white radishes having a stubby shape. The term refers to Japanese women's legs which seem short and stubby. This is rumored to be the result of sitting on the floor for long periods. The Japanese equivalent is "daikon ashi".
* Giri-giri: The cowlick. "Giri giri" is an onomatopoeic word with a different meaning in standard Japanese. This use of the word originates from local dialects spoken in mainly western Japan where it means "tsumuji", the standard Japanese word for the cowlick.
* Hanakuso: Dried nasal mucus. "Hana" means nose, and "kuso" means waste. "Kuso" in Japanese typically refers to human excrement. This compound is also found in standard Japanese.
* Hanabuddah (or hanabata): The fluid version of "hanakuso". "Bata" is from English "butter". The term in Japanese is usually "hanamizu" ("nose water").
* Hanabuddah days: Hanabuddah is most commonly seen on young children who neglect to wipe their runny noses. Thus, hanabuddah days refers to one's youth in Hawaiokinai.
* Hashi (also ohashi): Chopsticks, as in Japanese.
* "Kikaida": After the television series of the same name become enormously popular in Hawaiokinai, "Kikaida" became a generic name for children's shows featuring superheros.
* Pico - bellybutton
* Shishi: Urine or urination, used in "go shishi" or "make shishi". The [http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/dictionary/shi_shi/ Double-Tongued Dictionary] gives three possible etymologies for "shishi": imitative from the sound of urinating, Japanese reduplicated "shi" from "shiko" "urinate" (sic., probably "shito" 尿 "urine"), or Portuguese "" "urinate". There is a Japanese kanji joke based on 五-四-四 "5-4-4", which can be read "go-shi-shi" in Japanese. Thus, “I gotta five-four-four” is a Pidgin euphemism for "I gotta go shishi".
* Zori: Rubber thonged slippers, often called flip-flops in the continental U.S. Also zoris (plural). Synonymous with "slippers" or "slippahs". From the Japanese word "zori" (). Called "beach sandal" () in standard Japanese.

Miscellaneous

* Bocha: Take a bath. Originally from "bocha-bocha" Japanese onomatopoeia for splashing noises.
* Bon dance (): From the Japanese Bon Festival. An annual summer dance held outside at Buddhist temples to greet the returning souls of the deceased. They dance in a circle around a tower where people sing and beat taiko drums. The most famous bon dance song is "Tanko-bushi" (炭坑節).
* Habut/Habuteru: To feel grumpy or resentful, especially after you feel offended by something. Not standard Japanese but from Hiroshima dialect.
* Jan ken po: The children's game of rock (fist), paper (open hand), and scissors (peace sign). In Japanese, either "jan ken" or "jan ken pon". The Japanese also do not say the prelude as used in Hawaiokinai ("janken na manken an saka saka po ...") before they show their hands. This jan-ken-po prelude can also differ depending on the island.
* Shibai: A false act. Often refers to politicians or other influential persons who put on a false face. From the Japanese word "shibai", meaning "a (theatre) play."
* Skebe: Horny. From Japanese "sukebei". In Japanese, "H" ("ecchi") is used for the same purpose, and "sukebei" refers to a pervert.
* Skosh: Just a little. From Japanese "sukoshi" "a little".

External links

* [http://www.e-hawaii.com/fun/pidgin/default.asp e-Hawaii's SEARCHABLE Pidgin English Dictionary]

References

* Simonson, Douglas et al. (1981). "Pidgin to da Max." Honolulu: Bess Press. ISBN 0-935848-41-X.