Operation Libelle

Operation Dragonfly
Part of the 1997 Albanian riots, 1997
Map of Albania
Date March 13–14, 1997 Location Tirana, Albania Result German Success
Belligerents
Germany	Albanian Insurgents
Commanders and leaders
Col Henning Glawatz	Unknown
Strength
> 100	Unknown
Casualties and losses
No casualties, one helicopter damaged	Unknown number of casualties, no reported deaths

Part of 1997 rebellion in Albania.

Fighting Groups

Forum for Democracy • Committee of Public Salvation • Government of National Salvation • Operation Alba • Volunteer Forces

Gang of Çole • Gang of Gaxhai • Gang of Altin Dardha • Gang of Pusi i Mezinit • Gang of Cërrik • Gang of Lushnje • Gang of Tepelena • Gang of Haklaj Family

Massacres in 1997

Massacre of 28 February 1997 • Massacre of Qafë-Gjashta • Massacre of Levan • Massacre of Cërrik • Massacre of Ura Vajgurore

Tragedies of 1997

Otranto Tragedy • Qafë Shtama Tragedy

Stealings of Treasury

Krraba Stealing • Nortgern State Stealing

Rescue missions

Operation Silver Wake • Operation Libelle

Agreements

6 March 1997 • 9 March 1997

UN Resolutions

Resolution 1101 • Resolution 1114

Important events

Opening of the depots • Desertion of 4 March 1997 • Attack of 7-8 March 1997 on Gjirokastër • Visit of Romano Prodi • Albanian parliamentary election, 1997 • Albanian monarchy referendum, 1997

See also

Pyramid schemes in Albania • Role of media in 1997 • Literature on the events of 1997 • Conspiracy theories about 1997 This box: view · talk · edit

Operation Dragonfly, in German Operation Libelle, was an evacuation operation of the German Armed Forces in the Albanian capital Tirana on March 14, 1997. In the same week, American and Italian military forces evacuated their citizens from Albania. Operation Libelle is known in Germany as the first time since World War II that German soldiers fired shots in actual combat.^[1]

Situation in Albania

In March 1997 riots spread all over Albania after the breakdown of the financial system which drove the country into a serious economical and social crisis. This crisis culminated in the so-called Lottery Uprising. Thousands of people had lost their entire savings after all pyramids of the usurers had collapsed. The people took their rage against the state on the streets. After army and police weapons depots were looted by the insurgents, the danger for foreign citizens in Albania increased enormously. During the uprising, some 1500 people had been killed. On March 11 all foreigners were told to leave Albania, and Italian and American forces carried out first evacuation operations. On midday of March 13, it was not longer possible to leave the country by conventional means since the rioters had broken down national peace and order. With nowhere to go, 98 persons fled into the German embassy, which had not been evacuated yet.

Timeline

March 13

• On the eve of the operation, the German Minister of Defence, Volker Rühe, decided to reduce the reaction time of German Forces in case of emergency in Albania and ordered the frigate Niedersachsen (F122) to move into Albanian waters.

March 14

• Five CH-53G heavy transport helicopters with 89 soldiers from the German SFOR - contingent headed from Bosnia to Dubrovnik, Croatia. At the same time in Germany, three C-160 transport planes had been held in readiness to fly to the Balkans. The Niedersachsen waited in readiness in the port of Durrës, Albania.
• 11.30 am - The German Government under Chancellor Helmut Kohl decided to deploy German Forces to evacuate the embassy. Because the German military cannot operate abroad without a permission of the German Parliament, the Government employed emergency rules and only informed the leaders of the parliament and the Defence Committee about the planned operation. The C-160s flew to Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. The task force, consisting of CH-53s and soldiers from combat-, supporting- and medical units, lifted off to Tirana.
• 3.39 pm - Although American Forces had cancelled another evacuation operation in Tirana after a Blackhawk helicopter was hit by small arms fire, Colonel Glawatz decided to continue the approach. The first helicopter landed on an abandoned airfield near the outskirts of Tirana. Perimeter security was built up and the civilians started to board the helicopters. A gunfight broke out when insurgents in armoured vehicles attacked the escaping civilians. More gunmen opened fire from the edge of the air strip. The Germans returned fire and tried to keep the attackers at bay.
• 4.09 pm - the last helicopter left Tirana.
• The refugees were brought to Podgorica after the successful end of the operation, from where they were transported to Bonn, Germany.

The German parliament gave its subsequent permission on March 19.

List of evacuated persons

Country		Number
Germany		21
Hungary		14
Japan		13
Austria		11
Czech Republic		5
Denmark		3
Peru		3
Switzerland		3
Egypt		2
Albania		2
Bosnia and Herzegovina		2
Netherlands		2
Poland		2
Others		8

External links

1. ^ RP Online

• Details about the helicopters used (German)

See also

• Operation Silver Wake
• Lottery Uprising
• SFOR