Liberty Mills, Indiana

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Liberty Mills
settlement_type = Town
motto =

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image_caption = Post Office, Downtown Liberty Mills
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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = Indiana
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Wabash
subdivision_type3 = Township
subdivision_name3 = Chester
established_title = Platted
established_date = September 5, 1837
area_total_km2 =
area_land_km2 =
population_as_of = 2000
population_footnotes =
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population_total = 139
timezone = EST
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = EDT
utc_offset_DST = -4
latd = 41
latm = 02
lats = 01
latNS = N
longd = 85
longm = 44
longs = 09
longEW = W
elevation_footnotes = GR|3
elevation_ft = 778
founder =
named_for =
postal_code_type = ZIP code
postal_code = 46946
area_code =
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 18-43596GR|2
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:437841 437841]
website =
footnotes =

Liberty Mills is an unincorporated town in Chester Township, Wabash County, Indiana, United States located on the Eel River. Proprietor John Comstock (1802-1879) platted the town September 5, 1837. The name Liberty Mills comes from the number of mills the town once operated, including a saw mill, a carding mill, and a distillery, with one of the mills coming from the ‘Liberty’ brand. Its ZIP code is 46946.

Geography

Liberty Mills is located at coor dms|41|02|01|N|85|44|09|W|city (41.033611, -85.735833) at 778 feet above sea levelGR|3.

Demographics

Because the town is unincorporated, no exact information is available from the United States Census Bureau, however the Census 2000 population for Zip Code Tabulation Area 46946 is 139.

History

On October 23, 1826 in what is now Wabash, Indiana Potawatomi and Miami Indians signed a peace treaty with the United States government to open lands north of the Wabash River to white settlers. These negotiations, led by Michigan Governor Lewis Cass, resulted in the Paradise Springs Peace Treaty. The Potowatomi before that point were located on the Eel River, which they called the Kenapocomoco (KE-NA-PE-COM-A-QUA), in a series of villages named Pierrish’s Village, located at present day North Manchester, three miles south of Liberty Mills.

The land that is now Liberty Mills was purchased by James Abbott, who was involved with the treaty negotiations, sold to a Mr. McBride who intended to build a grist mill, and eventually purchased by New York state resident John Comstock. Comstock moved to the area in 1836, where he first built a saw mill, and later a grist mill, a distillery, store, carding mill, and flouring mill.

"John Comstock in his day was easily the biggest and most influential business man and farmer in Northern Wabash county. He was a member of the State Legislature and a probate judge and was progressive in many ways and as stubborn as an ox in others. When the canal was built through Lagro he maintained a warehouse at Lagro and attracted business men to Liberty Mills faster than to North Manchester. However, he could not stand competition, and because of his buying power, could undersell those who dared compete with him. Some of the early business men came to North Manchester. In fact, it was not uncommon in telling the history of an early North Manchester business man to mention that he first located in Liberty Mills." [Newton, L.H "Chester Township"]

Comstock, often known as Judge Comstock because of his role as Probate Judge (elected in 1846), was also the Representative from this county in the Indiana State Legislature in 1858. His distillery, built in 1839, would send wagon loads of whiskey to areas as far as Mishawaka and Warsaw, Indiana. It brought distress to first his sons, who for religious convictions left the business, and later Comstock himself, who declared "I will let that distillery rot!" [Liberty Mills Centennial] even after offers to purchase it.

Due to Comstock’s monopolizing business practices, most local business men left to establish themselves in neighboring North Manchester. In time North Manchester flourished (The population was 6,260 at the 2000 censusGR|2) while Liberty Mills remained unchanged in size. Comstock was instrumental however in bringing the Detroit, Eel River & Illinois Railroad through the community in 1871, which stretched from Logansport to Butler, Indiana. After a lengthly legal battle with the Wabash Railroad, this railline was sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1901, and eventually came into the Pennsylvania's Vandalia holdings. Then known as the Vandalia Railroad and Butler Branch Railroad, the railroad's use declined over the years until its abandonment from 1954 to 1977. [Railroads of Whitley County, Indiana [http://geocities.com/trkneller/railroads.html#Van] ]

Covered bridge

Because of its location on a curvy tack of the Eel River, Liberty Mills has been home to numerous bridges, three standing today. At the location of the iron bridge [ [http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=GCN0E2 Indiana Bridge Quest #6: Liberty Mills] This site refers to this location as "Patrick's Bend"] today (on the north end of town on First Street) was home to the Covered Bridge. Three different covered bridges were built on this location from 1859 to the third being lost in 1953. The first was built in 1859 and lost in 1867 [Bridge one: #14-85-16 in the World Guide (according to G. Gould's 1977 list)] . The second from 1867 to 1872, with a length of 192 feet with a 10 foot overhang at each end [Bridge two: #14-85-17 in the World Guide (according to G. Gould's 1977 list)] . The third, and most known, was built in 1872 by the Smith Bridge Company and lost in 1953 [Bridge three: as #14-85-18 in the World Guide (according to G. Gould's 1977 list)] . (See pictures of this bridge at Ball State University’s [http://libx.bsu.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=/CoveredBridges&CISOSTART=1,41 Alvin W. Holmes Collection of Covered Bridges] ) This Covered Bridge in fact was listed in the Time magazine article “One-Day Railroaders” on Monday, Oct. 19, 1936, the town’s first and only note of national attention. [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,756795,00.html One-Day Railroaders, Time.com] ]

chool house

Liberty Mill’s largest structure is the school house, built in 1903. Children were first taught in a log cabin by Harriet Tullis. In 1841 a school building was built lasting until 1872. In 1872 on the Northeast corner of Mill and Forth Street a two story building was built to serve as a school and town hall. This building was dismantled in 1903 with a new building being built on the 1872 foundation. The school stopped operating in the 1950s and is today a refurbished private residence.

Nature preserves

Although of its small size, Liberty Mills is home to several nature preserves controlled by the Tippecanoe Audubon Society, the local chapter of the national Audubon Society, a Izaak Walton League club ground, and a public access site.

Taylor PreserveThe Herbert L. Taylor Audubon Preserve is located on the northeast edge of town stretching along the eastside of the Eel River. The Taylor family owned this piece of land for over five generations, from George W. and Elizabeth Taylor in 1903 to Herbert “Herb” Taylor’s donation of the remaining property in 1991. Taylor built a unique structure known as the “Tee Pee,” a three story house in the shape of a Indian teepee which overlooked the Eel River. Due to increased vandalism, the Tee Pee was destroyed on November 15, 2003. [ [http://mcs.k12.in.us/histsoc/nov98.htm#anchor4403461 Taylor, Jay A. Well-Loved Woodland] ]

Flory-Gemmer Marsh and Woods PreserveThe Flory-Gemmer Marsh Preserve and Woods Preserve are two smaller preserves one mile east of Liberty Mills. They were donated to the Tippecanoe Audubon Society in the mid 1990s.

Izaak Walton League Club GroundsThe North Manchester, Indiana chapter of the Izaak Walton League's club grounds are located north of Liberty Mills. These grounds have fishing and shooting sports, including frequent turkey shoot tournaments.

Public Access SiteOn the south end of town is a public access site onto the Eel River. The stretch of the Eel River running by Liberty Mills is known for its canoing and listed in several canoing recreational guides. A legend also follows the access site of a particular fatal car wreck which ejected several girls from a vehicle, whose screams can be supposedly still heard today [ [http://theshadowlands.net/places/indiana.htm Shadowlands Haunted Places in Indiana] ]

Notable residents

Cliff Kindy- Organic farmer and a member of the Christian Peacemaker Teams. Kindy owns a farm one mile east of Liberty Mills, has traveled the world with CPT including Iraq, where he is noted in the May 17, 2004 issue of New Yorker Magazine [ [http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/05/17/040517fa_fact2 Hersh, Seymour M. “Chain of Command...” New Yorker. (39) 17 May 2004] ] .

References

History

* cite journal
title=The Honorable John Comstock
journal=Newsletter of the North Manchester Historical Society
volume=22
date=May 2005

* cite web
author=Leiter, Carl
title=Indian Treaty of 1826 - Treaty Negotiations
work=Kokomo-Howard County Public Library :: Genealogy & Local History Services
accessdate=2007-04-06
url=http://www.kokomo.lib.in.us/glhs/history/treatyNegotiations.html

* " [http://mcs.k12.in.us/histsoc/May02.htm#centennial Liberty Mills Centennial] ", "Newsletter of the North Manchester Historical Society", (May 2002) 6 April 2007

* Newton, L.H “Chester Township” "History of Wabash County, Indiana". Edited by T. B Helm. Unknown Publisher, 1884

* “ [http://mcs.k12.in.us/histsoc/nov94.htm#anchor5666378 Wabash County History- Chester Township] ” "Newsletter of the North Manchester Historical Society", (August 1994) 6 April 2007
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~inwabash/comstock.html Photograph of John Comstock] , Brother Ichabod Comstock on right,

Covered Bridge

* Gould, George E. "The Covered Bridges of Indiana". Indianapolis: Indiana Covered Bridge Society, 1967.

* Gould, George E. "Indiana Covered Bridges". Indianapolis: Indiana Covered Bridge Society, 1977.

* “ [http://www.countyhistory.com/coveredbridge/wabash5.htm Liberty Mills Covered Bridge] ,” County History Preservation Society. 6 April 2007.

* “ [http://libx.bsu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/CoveredBridges&CISOPTR=46&REC=9 Liberty Mills Covered Bridge (1)] ,” Ball State University Libraries: Digital Media Repository. 6 April 2007.

* “ [http://libx.bsu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/CoveredBridges&CISOPTR=63&REC=10 Liberty Mills Covered Bridge (2)] ,” Ball State University Libraries: Digital Media Repository. 6 April 2007.

* “ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,756795,00.html One-Day Railroaders] ,” Time. 19 Oct. 1936. 6 April 2007.

Nature Preserves

* Taylor, Jay A. " [http://mcs.k12.in.us/histsoc/nov98.htm#anchor4403461 Well-Loved Woodland: A History of the Herbert L. Taylor Audubon Preserve during the five generations of the Taylor Family] ." "Newsletter of the North Manchester Historical Society", (Nov 1998) 6 April 2007

Notable Residents

* Hersh, Seymour M. “Chain of Command: How the Department of Defense Mishandled the Disaster at Abu Ghraib.” New Yorker. (39) 17 May 2004

Notes

External links

* [http://www.cliffiraq.blogspot.com/ Cliff Kindy Iraq Blog]
* [http://mcs.k12.in.us/histsoc/ North Manchester (Indiana) Historical Society]
* [http://www.tippeaudubon.org/ Tippecanoe Audubon Society]
* [http://www.iwla.org/ Izaak Walton League of America]