Central cord syndrome

Central cord syndrome

Infobox_Disease
Name = Central Cord Syndrome


Caption = Central cord syndrome is top diagram
Width = 100px
DiseasesDB = 33409
ICD10 =
ICD9 = T1-6 ICD9|952.13
T7-12 ICD9|952.18
C1-4 ICD9|952.03
C5-7 ICD9|952.08<
Lumbar ICD9|952.2
Sacral ICD9|952.3

ICDO =
OMIM =
MedlinePlus =
eMedicineSubj = pmr
eMedicineTopic = 22
MeshID = D020210

Central cord syndrome (CCS) is an acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). It was first described by Schneider in 1954. [cite journal |author=Schneider RC, Cherry G, Pantek H |title=The syndrome of acute central cervical spinal cord injury; with special reference to the mechanisms involved in hyperextension injuries of cervical spine |journal=J. Neurosurg. |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=546–77 |year=1954 |pmid=13222164 |doi=]

CCS has been reported to occur more frequently among older persons with cervical spondylosis, but it also may occur in younger individuals. cite journal |author=Rich V, McCaslin E |title=Central cord syndrome in a high school wrestler: a case report |journal=J Athl Train |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=341–4 |year=2006 |pmid=17043705 |doi= |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov.library.mmc.org/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=17684887]

CCS is the most common SCI syndrome. It accounts for approximately 9% of traumatic SCIs.cite journal |author=McKinley W, Santos K, Meade M, Brooke K |title=Incidence and outcomes of spinal cord injury clinical syndromes |journal=J Spinal Cord Med |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=215–24 |year=2007 |pmid=17684887 |doi= |url=] It is generally associated with favorable prognosis for some degree of neurologic and functional recovery. CCS predominantly affects men more than women, similar to all other SCI.

Presentation

It is characterized by disproportionately greater motor impairment in upper compared to lower extremities, bladder dysfunction, and variable degree of sensory loss below the level of injury. This syndrome is unlike a complete lesion, that causes loss of all sensation and movement below the level of the injury.

Causes

CCS most often occurs after hyperextension injury in an individual with long-standing cervical spondylosis. Historically, spinal cord damage was believed to originate from concussion or contusion of the cord with stasis of axoplasmic flow, causing edematous injury rather than destructive hematomyelia. More recently, autopsy studies have demonstrated that CCS may be caused by bleeding into the central part of the cord, portending less favorable prognosis. Studies also have shown that CCS probably is associated with axonal disruption in the lateral columns at the level of the injury to the spinal cord with relative preservation of the grey matter.

See also

* Spinal cord injury
* Anterior cord syndrome

References

*http://health.enotes.com/neurological-disorders-encyclopedia/central-cord-syndrome
*http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/central_cord/central_cord.htm


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