William Poole

William Poole (July 24, 1821 – March 8, 1855), also known as Bill the Butcher, was a member of the New York City gang, the Bowery Boys, a bare-knuckle boxer, and a leader of the Know Nothing political movement.

Early life

Poole was born in Sussex County, New Jersey to parents of English descent. [ [http://herbertasbury.com/billthebutcher/billp.asp] Herbert Asbury website] In 1832, his family moved to New York City to open a butcher shop in Washington Market, Manhattan.

Attack at Florence's Hotel

The "New York Daily Times" reported the following on October 23, 1851:

A Brutal Outrage in Broadway. We learn that at an early hour yesterday morning, two noted pugilists entered Florence's Hotel, corner of Broadway and Howard street, and without any provocation seized the bar-keeper and beat his face to a jelly. It appears that Thomas Hyer, "William Poole", and several others entered the above hotel, and while one of the party held Charles Owens (the bar-keeper) by the hair of his head, another of the gang beat him in the face to such an extent that his left eye was completely ruined and the flesh of his cheek mangled in the most shocking manner. After thus accomplishing the heartless act, all of them made an effort to find Mr. John Florence, the proprietor of the hotel, with a view of serving him in the same manner, but not succeeding in their latter design, they found the hat of Mr. Florence and wantonly cut it into strips, and trampled it under their feet. The desperadoes then left the house, and in the meantime Mr. Owens was placed under medical attendance, and in the course of a short time he proceeded to the Jefferson Market Police, in company with Mr. Florence, where they made their affidavits respecting the inhuman outrage, upon which Justice Blakeley issued his warrants for Hyer, "Poole", and such of the others who were concerned in the affair, and the same were placed in the hands of officer Baldwin for service. Since the above was written we have been reliably informed that the affray originated from the fact of the barkeeper having refused them drinks, after they had been furnished with them twice in succession.

Dispute with John Morrissey

Poole's archenemy, John Morrissey, was an Irish immigrant and enforcer for Tammany Hall. Morrissey was also a popular boxer and challenged Poole to a match. Though the two men were of differing ethnic backgrounds and political parties, the initial grounds for their dispute may have arisen from an earlier bet by Poole on a boxing match. Poole placed his bet on Morrissey's opponent, "Yankee Sullivan". The fight took place at Boston Corners on October 12, 1853.

Results of the boxing match were disputed, and Poole was against Morrissey being paid. In the boxing match Morrissey was knocked out but, instead of using a standard ten count, the Morrisey backers requested judgement by a call to the ring. Morissey was up again by then. Morrissey's opponent, having knocked out Morrissey, had left the vicinity of the ring thinking he had won. Poole and Morrisey squared off in the ring to settle their dispute on July 26, 1854, at Amos Dock, New York. The "New York Daily Times" reported the story on July 28, 1854:

Subjoined we give an account of the brutal affair, furnished by a person who witnessed it. He says: "Yesterday morning, about 7 o'clock, an encounter took place between John Morrissey and William Poole on the pier at the foot of Amos Street, North River. For some time past Morrissey has entertained the idea of attaining the unenviable notoriety attached to a fighting man. He has frequently challenged Hyer to meet him in the ring and settle their animosities by a fisticuff battle...

According to historian Mark Caldwell, during the fight Poole "bit and gouged but won only when his friends joined the fight and kicked Morrissey unconscious."

The shooting

Morrissey plotted revenge and on February 25, 1855, Lew Baker, a friend of Morrissey, shot Poole at a bar on Broadway. The "New York Daily Times" reported on Monday, February 26, 1855 the following:

"Terrible Shooting Affray in Broadway - Bill Poole Fatally Wounded - The Morrissey and Poole Feud - Renewal of Hostilities - Several Persons Severely Wounded. Broadway, in the vicinity of Prince and Houston Streets, was the scene of an exciting shooting affair about 1 o'clock yesterday morning, which is but a repetition of a similar occurrence that transpired a few weeks ago under Wallack's Theatre between Tom Hyer, Lewis Baker, Jim Turner and several other noted pugilists...

Poole died on March 8, 1855 from the gunshot wound. He died in his home on Christopher Street. His last words were claimed to be as they were dictated in the film "Gangs of New York": "I die a true American," but he actually did not say it. He was buried on March 11, 1855 in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn with no tombstone. A tombstone was added in 2004. The grave is number: 48 and 49, F/G 6(v)

William Poole in fiction

* Poole was the inspiration for the character of William "Bill the Butcher" Cutting (portrayed by Daniel Day-Lewis), in Martin Scorsese's 2002 film "Gangs of New York".

William Poole in fact

Despite maiming a number of opponents in various brawls there is no evidence of William Poole having killed any of his opponents.

References

* Charlton T. Lewis, "Harper's Book of Facts", New York, 1906
* Herbert Asbury, "The Gangs of New York", New York, 1928
* Mark Caldwell, "New York Night: The Mystique and Its History", New York, 2005

elected coverage in the "New York Daily Times"

* "New York Daily Times", Volume 1, Number 0031, Thursday, October 23, 1851, page 1 "Boxing"
* "New York Daily Times", Volume 3, Number 0646, Thursday, October 13, 1853, page 1 "hotel"
* "New York Daily Times", Volume 3, Number 0892, July 28, 1854, page 4 "Boxing teaser"
* "New York Daily Times", Volume 3, Number 0892, July 28, 1854, page 8 "Boxing"
* "New York Daily Times", Volume 4, Number 1074, Monday, February 26, 1855, page 1, "Shooting"
* "New York Daily Times", Volume 4, Number 1084, Friday, March 9, 1855, page 1, "Coroner's Inquest"

elected coverage in the "Brooklyn Eagle"

* "Brooklyn Eagle", March 20, 1855, page 2, "The Poole murder"
* "Brooklyn Eagle", March 20, 1855, page 3, "The death of bully Poole"
* "Brooklyn Eagle", March 24, 1855, page 3, "Grand jury"

elected coverage in the "New York Times"

The "New York Times" covered the events of Stanwix Hall almost every day for a month
* "New York Times", March 9, 1855, page 1, "The Pugilist's Encounter"
* "New York Times", March 10, 1855, page 1, "The Death of William Poole"
* "New York Times", March 12, 1855, page 1, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", March 12, 1855, page 4, "The Funeral of Poole"
* "New York Times", March 13, 1855, page 1, "The Poole Murder"
* "New York Times", March 17, 1855, page 1, "The Poole Murder"
* "New York Times", March 19, 1855, page 1, "The Poole Murder"
* "New York Times", March 24, 1855, page 3, "The Kissane Trial"
* "New York Times", April 16, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", May 16, 1855; page 1, "Baker Arrested!"
* "New York Times", May 17, 1855; page 4, "The Poole Murder—What is to come of it?"
* "New York Times", November 28, 1855, page 7, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", November 29, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 1, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 3, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 4, 1855, page 7, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 5, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 6, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 7, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 8, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 10, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 11, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 12, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 13, 1855, page 7, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
* "New York Times", December 14, 1855, page 1, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"

ee also

*List of bare-knuckle boxers
*"Gangs of New York"

External links

* [http://richard.arthur.norton.googlepages.com/williampoole William Poole bibliography]
* [http://www.nypress.com/16/10/news&columns/oldsmoke.cfm NY Press: William Poole]
* [http://www.herbertasbury.com/billthebutcher/billp.asp Frances Asbury: William Poole]
* [http://esf.uvm.edu/vtbox/Historical.html History of Boxing: Poole vs Morrissey]
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=poole&GSfn=william&GSbyrel=all&GSdyrel=all&GSob=n&GRid=6938059&pt=William%20Poole& Findagrave: William Poole]