Freemasonry and the Latter Day Saint movement

The relationship between Freemasonry and the Latter Day Saint movement began early in the history of Mormonism. Joseph Smith, Jr. and several of the Church founders were Freemasons, and were founding members of a lodge in Nauvoo, Illinois in March 1842. [ [http://www.lightplanet.com/mormons/daily/history/1831_1844/nauvoo_freemasonry_eom.htm Freemasonry in Nauvoo ] ] There are some similarities between Mormon temple worship and symbolism and the stories and symbols of Freemasonry, though there are also many unique aspects to both that are also worth considering.Fact|date=June 2008 In modern times, the LDS Church holds no position for or against the compatibility of Masonry with LDS doctrine.Fact|date=February 2008

Similarities

While a number of early Church members, such as Heber C. Kimball, were Masons prior to becoming Mormons, Joseph Smith Jr. and the Latter Day Saint movement had no formal relationship with Freemasonry. In the early 1840s a Masonic Lodge was formed by members who were Freemasons. Joseph Smith, Jr. and his brother Hyrum became members of the newly formed Nauvoo lodge. It appears that John C. Bennett had a particularly strong influence in the spread of Freemasonry. LDS historian Reed Durham writes:

"By 1840, John Cook Bennett, a former active leader in Masonry had arrived in Commerce and rapidly exerted his persuasive leadership in all facets of the Church, including Mormon Masonry. ... Joseph and Sidney [Rigdon] were inducted into formal Masonry ... on the same day..." ("Is There No Help for the Widow's Son?" by Dr. Reed C. Durham, Jr., as printed in "Joseph Smith and Masonry: No Help for the Widow's Son", Martin Pub. Co., Nauvoo, Ill., 1980, p. 17.)

In 1842 Smith became a Master Mason, as indicated by his journal entries:

Tuesday, [March] 15. — I officiated as grand chaplain at the installation of the Nauvoo Lodge of Free Masons, at the Grove near the Temple. Grand Master Jonas, of Columbus, being present, a large number of people assembled on the occasion. The day was exceedingly fine; all things were done in order, and universal satisfaction was manifested. In the evening I received the first degree in Freemasonry in the Nauvoo Lodge, assembled in my general business office. ("History of the Church", by Joseph Smith, Deseret Book, 1978, Vol.4, Ch.32, p.550-1)

Wednesday, March 16. — I was with the Masonic Lodge and rose to the sublime degree. (History of the Church, Vol.4, Ch.32, p.552)

In "The Mormon Church and Freemasonry" (2001), Terry Chateau writes:

[The Joseph Smith family] was a Masonic family which lived by and practiced the estimable and admirable tenets of Freemasonry. The father, Joseph Smith, Sr., was a documented member in upstate New York. He was raised to the degree of Master Mason on May 7, 1818 in Ontario Lodge No. 23 of Canandaigua, New York. An older son, Hyrum Smith, was a member of Mount Moriah Lodge No. 112, Palmyra New York.

On May 4 1842, just a couple of months after his initiation to Freemasonry, Smith instructed other LDS Church leaders "in the principles of and order of the Priesthood, attending to washings, anointings, endowments, and the communication of keys pertaining to the Aaronic Priesthood, and so onto to the highest order of the Melchizedek Priesthood...." (History of the Church, vol. 5, pg. 1, May 4, 1842).

Mormon temple worship does share some common symbols, signs, and clothing with Freemasonry, although a few of the similarities have been eliminated from temple ceremonies in recent years.Fact|date=June 2008 It is not necessarily the case that these shared symbols represent similar ideas or are interchangeable with each other. Greg Kearney, LDS member and Mason, argues that Joseph Smith initially borrowed from the Masonic ritual in order to teach the temple endowment, presumably because so many people of the time and area were Masons. [ [http://www.fairlds.org/FAIR_Conferences/2005_Latter-day_Saints_and_Freemasonry.html "The Message and the Messenger: Latter-day Saints and Freemasonry"] Accessed May 5 2007.] Thus, aspects of the ritual can be considered distinct from the temple endowment, which has in later years shed some of the Masonic symbolism, as it is not as relevant to today's audience.

When Smith was killed in 1844, it was recorded that he raised his hands in the air and proclaimed, "Oh Lord my God" before he was shot. ["Times and Seasons", vol. 5 no. 13 [July 15, 1844] , p. 585] This phrase could be the beginning of an appeal to God or it could be the beginning words of a Masonic line that is to be used as an emergency call for help ("Oh, Lord, my God, is there no help for the widow's son?").Fact|date=June 2008

Differences

There are numerous physical differences between the Masonic temple practices and those of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Unlike Freemasonry, ordinances such as baptisms for the deceased and eternal marriage are also performed in LDS temples.

The symbolic significance of traditional Masonic rituals are not characteristic of LDS ceremonies, in which Christian symbolism is central to worship.

The goals of Masonry and the LDS endowment are not the same. In the view of the LDS Church, both teach important truths, but the truths they teach are different. Masonry is not regarded as a religion; though it is by other religious groups such as the Catholic Church. The temple endowment, on the other hand, teaches of man's relationship to God in LDS Church belief, and Latter-day Saints consider it to be essential for exaltation in the world to come. [ [http://www.fairlds.org/Misc/Similarities_between_Masonic_and_Mormon_Temple_Ritual.html How does one explain similarities between Masonic and temple ritual? ] ]

Modern Official LDS Church policy

From 1925 to 1984 the Masonic Fraternity in Utah prohibited Latter-day Saints from joining, but Freemasons opened membership to Mormons worldwide. In 1984 the Grand Lodge of Utah officially dropped its anti-Mormon position and allowed LDS church members to join. Today there is no formal obstacle preventing Mormons from becoming Freemasons.

The presidency of the LDS Church has not made an official statement as to whether or not Freemasonry is compatible with Mormonism. However Don LeFevre, a past spokesman for the church has said the church "...strongly advises its members not to affiliate with organizations that are secret, oath-bound, or would cause them to lose interest in church activities." [ Salt Lake Tribune Section D1, Monday Feb. 17, 1992 ] There are a number of LDS Masons in Utah who serve in various leadership positions, including the current Grand Master of Masons of Utah, [ [http://www.utahgrandlodge.org/publish/2008_grand_lodge_committees/ Freemasons of Utah » 2008 Grand Lodge Committees ] ] without comment by Church leaders.

ee also

* Master Mahan

Notes

References

* " [http://www.signaturebooks.com/reviews/anointed.htm Joseph Smith's Quorum of the Anointed] "; edited by Devery S. Anderson and Gary James Bergera; Signature Books: Salt Lake City; 2005; ISBN 1-56085-186-4
* Chateau, Terry. The Mormon Church and Freemasonry. 2001, California Freemason On-Line. Available: [http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm] .
* Citation
last=Homer
first=Michael W.
title=Masonry and Mormonism in Utah, 1847–1984
pages=57–96
url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/jmh,16644
journal=Journal of Mormon History
volume=18
issue=2
year=1992 .
* "Freemasonry in Context: History, Ritual, Controversy" by Arturo de Hoyos and S. Brent Morris; Lexington Books; Lanham, MD; 2004
* " [http://www.signaturebooks.com/reviews/mystery.htm The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship] " by David John Buerger; Signature Books: Salt Lake City; 2002; ISBN 1-56085-176-7
* Wife of Two Martyrs: Lucinda Pendleton (Morgan Harris Smith)" [http://www.signaturebooks.com/excerpts/insacred.htm In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith] " by Todd Compton; Signature Books: Salt Lake City; 1997; ISBN 1-56085-085-X

External links

* [http://www.signaturebookslibrary.org/essays/mason.htm Mormonism and Freemasonry] by Nicholas S. Literski
* [http://www.masonicmoroni.com The Masonic Moroni] : Exploring the Historical Relationship Between Early Mormonism & Freemasonry.
* Anthony W. Ivins, "The Relationship of "Mormonism" and Freemasonry" (Salt Lake City, UT, Deseret News Press, 1934). [http://www.shields-research.org/General/LDS_Leaders/1stPres/Ivins-Anthony_W/Relationship_Mormonism_Masonry/Relationship_Mormonism_Masonry.htm online version]
* [http://www.cephasministry.com/mormon_is_there_no_help.html No Help for the widow's son] A look at parallels between Mormonism, the Book of Mormon and Masonry. Also contains a legend that has striking parallels to early Mormon history and the Laban account in the Book of Mormon.
* Essay discussing possible Masonic influences on Mormonism titled, [http://www.utlm.org/onlineresources/mormonkingdomvol1ch13masonicinfluence.htm "Captain Morgan and the Masonic Influence in Mormonism"]
* [http://www.jefflindsay.com/LDSFAQ/FQ_masons.shtml Apologetic discussion of Mormonism and freemasonry]
* [http://www.mormonstudies.net/html/faq/garments.html Mormon Underwear or Garments]