Cape Verde and the European Union

Cape Verde is an island nation part of the Macaronesian group of islands of the Atlantic Ocean and was a former Portuguese colony during the colonial era between 1460 and 1975. In March 2005 former Portuguese president Mário Soares launched a petition urging the European Union to start membership talks with it, saying that Cape Verde could act as a bridge between Africa, Latin America and the EU. [ [http://www.eubusiness.com/External_Relations/050317090821.tnkf9k7j/ Petition urging EU membership for Cape Verde launched in Portugal] , EUbusiness, 2005-03-17, last visit: 2007-11-02]

Cape Verde is 97% Christian, and its background is a fusion of European and African backgrounds, where about 70% [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cv.html CIA - The World Factbook - Cape Verde ] ] is of mixed Portuguese and African descent [http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Goncalves2003.pdf] . Less than 30% is African, while about 1% is of unmixed European descent. Because of this, Cape Verdeans find it hard to define themselves as either Europeans or Africans. They regard themselves as either "both" or as "unique Cape Verdeans". Politically, Cape Verdeans also worked as part of the Portuguese administration [ [http://193.136.98.1/~lbatalha/downloads/eliteportuguesacaboverdiana.pdf] ,pt icon] , with independence leader Amilcar Cabral being part of the colonial administration in Guinea-Bissau and Angola.

Cape Verde's per capita GDP is lower than any of the current member states, accession countries, or candidate countries. However, it is higher than that of some of the EU-designated "potential candidate countries" of the Western Balkans: Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania. In terms of respect of democracy the Freedom house report ranks Cape Verde top in Africa [ [http://www.asemana.cv/article.php3?id_article=25481 A Semana online ] ] and again Cape Verde has a better ranking than that of some designated "potential candidate or member countries" of the EU: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. [ [http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=366&year=2007 freedomhouse.org: Combined Average Ratings- Independent Countries, 2007 ] ] Most of the imports and exports of Cape Verde are for and from the European Union, and it has a service-based economy. Its currency, the escudo, is pegged to the euro. [ [http://portal.fe.unl.pt/FEUNL/bibliotecas/BAN/WPFEUNL/WP2006/wp494.pdf cve4.dvi ] ] [http://www.bcv.cv/_conteudo/noticia/eventos/Cape%20Verde%20RAC%20-%2005.pdf]

Although the Cape Verde archipelago is geographically in Africa, there have been similar situations before. Cyprus is an island nation which, despite being geographically in Asia, has already joined both the Council of Europe and the EU. Furthermore, the Cape Verde islands are part of the same island group as the Canary Islands (part of Spain), Madeira Islands (part of Portugal) and Azores Islands (part of Portugal), known as Macaronesia. There is currently no political recognition by the EU of Cape Verde as a European state, but unlike in the case of Morocco, there is no formal rejection either.

Cape Verde is currently a member of ECOWAS [ [http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/file_download.php/26bc842888f94e0be470492a04ae16b1historique_capvert_en.pdf] ] , an African regional bloc with aims for internal integration similar to those of the EU, and even though it has not yet participated in all of its activities, it cannot have membership in both organizations at the same time. It is also a member of the African Union, an organization aiming for a common currency in Africa, a single defense force for the African continent and an African Union Head of State.

Recently Cape Verde has been distancing itself from its regional African partners and forging closer ties with the EU. In a move signaling its preparation to loosen ties with the West African regional bloc, the government of Cape Verde in September 2006 declared its intentions on suspending the ECOWAS free movement of goods and trade. Prime Minister José Maria Neves announced that his country will start imposing restrictions on the entrance of citizens from all ECOWAS member states. The Cape Verde government soon will present ECOWAS with proposals for "special status" instead of full membership. [ [http://www.afrol.com/articles/23522 afrol News - Cape Verde wants special status at ECOWAS ] ] This is also an effort to limit the recent rise of illegal immigration of other West African nationals using Cape Verde and its proximity to the Canary Islands as a springboard towards Europe.

Complementing Cape Verde's efforts to join the EU, the Macaronesian group of islands (The Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands) are throwing their support for their regional brethren [ [http://www.caboverde24.com/news.asp?ID=748 Cabo Verde 24 - News ] ] . The Atlantic group of Islands are pushing for an entrance of Cape Verde into the EU under a special status. [ [http://www.afrol.com/articles/18640 EU, Cape Verde display different interests in integration] , "Afrol News", 2006-03-30]

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