Parachute Troops School

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name= "Escola Tropas Pára-quedistas"
Parachute Troops School


caption= Parachute Troops School Coat of Arms
nickname= "Páras" / "Boinas Verdes" (Paras / Green Berets)
motto= "Que nunca por vencidos se conheçam"
type= Military Instruction School
garrison= Aeroterrestrial Support Battalion
Instruction Battalion
branch=Portuguese Army
dates= 1956 – Present day
country=Portugal
command_structure=Rapid Reaction Brigade
size= Two Battalions
used=1915-1918
1955 - Present day
built=1915

The ETP - Escola de Tropas Páraquedistas (Parachute Troops School), based in Tancos, Portugal, is a unit of the Portuguese Army and serves as the instruction center for recruitment and training of the Portuguese paratroopers. This unit includes an entire battalion, acting as support and reserve for Airborne units which contains for example, military war dogs and Airborne Pathfinders and an instruction battalion responsible for the forming of new paratroopers.

The "ETP" is part of the Rapid Reaction Brigade that includes other elite units like the Army Comandos and Army Special Operations.

Like other Portuguese Airborne units, the troops of the School are nicknamed "Boinas Verdes" (Green Berets) while recruits are nicknamed "Catatuas".

History

Origins

The Airborne Battalion

After the successful use of airborne forces in the Second World War by Germany and the Allies, other armed forces began to examine the possibility of forming parachute Troops for special missions. In 1955, Portuguese Defense Ministry cabinet approved a request for funds for airborne paratroop training.

Two Army captains went to France to take the French parachute course at the "École de Troupes Aeroportèes". After the Portuguese Air Force was created as an independent branch of the military, was decided that the paratroopers would be part of the Air Force, much like the German organizational structure during World War II. The "BCP - Batalhão de Caçadores Páraquedistas" (Paratrooper Hunters Battalion) was formed in 1956. The paratroopers were issued unique berets and camo uniforms. Airborne forces initially jumped using the venerable German tri-motored Junkers Ju 52 aircraft. The unit was first deployed to Tancos, which still serves as headquarters for today's Portuguese airborne forces.

Colonial Wars and the Regiment

In 1961, conflict erupted in the African colonies. Troops were required to fight in Africa, and the "BCP" became the RCP, or "Regimento de Caçadores Pára-quedistas" (Paratrooper Hunter, or Ranger Regiment). By this time, the men were armed with the modern 7,62mm ArmaLite AR-10 infantry rifle, a weapon previously not seen in Western military forces. [Afonso, Aniceto and Gomes, Carlos de Matos, "Guerra Colonial" (2000), pp. 183-184] The paratroopers liked the accuracy and mobility of the AR-10, but supplies were embargoed after initial deliveries were completed in 1960, and paratroopers were later issued the collapsible-stock variant of the m/961 (G3) rifle. [Afonso, Aniceto and Gomes, Carlos de Matos, "Guerra Colonial" (2000), pp. 183-184] As time went on, more airborne units were created in Angola, Mozambique, and other areas outside Portugal to fight the various separatist guerrilla movements.

Due to Portuguese Air Force control over airborne units, the paratroops' battalion numbers reflected their subordination to local Air Force command, 1st Air Region (Air Force command over north atlantic territories) command 11th (Portugal) and 12th (Guiné-Bissau) Paratrooper Hunter Battalion, 2nd Air Region (Air Force command over South Atlantic territories) command the 21st Paratrooper Hunter Battalion (Angola) and the 3rd Air Region (Air Force command over the Indian ocean territories) command the 31st and 32th Paratrooper Hunter Battalion (Mozambique).

Paratrooper casualties

* 12th Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 56 dead (3 officers, 6 sergeants and 47 soldiers).
* 21st Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 47 dead (5 officers, 9 sergeants and 33 soldiers)
* 31st Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 39 dead (2 officers, 6 sergeants and 31 soldiers)
* 32th Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 18 dead (2 sergeants and 16 soldiers)

A total of 160 Portuguese paratroopers were KIA.

On April 25, 1974, a military coup led by left-wing members of the Portuguese Army ended the authoritarian government regime in Portugal, and the country moved towards fully democratic elections. Shortly afterwards, peace negotiations with the various African colonies resulted in an end to the African wars, followed by the independence of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau. Military reforms were instituted in Portugal in 1975, resulting in a reorganization of airborne forces.

Modern Airborne Forces Structure

Parachute Troops Base School

On July 5, 1975 the BETP ("Base Escola de Tropas Pára-Quedistas" or Parachute Troops Base School) was formed at the "RCP", which was disbanded and integrated in the CTP or "Corpo de Tropas Paraquedistas" Parachute Troops Corps) of the Portuguese Air Force.

The CTP is responsible for changing the paratroopers from a counter-guerrilla force to a conventional airborne force capable of fighting in a possible NATO VS Warsaw Pact war, so it was formed a Light Paratrooper Brigade (BRIPARAS) with 3 Paratrooper Battalions and a few support units, the Corps also raised several barracks across Portugal to garrison the new brigade, BOTP1 - "Base Operacional de Tropas Pára-quedistas nº1" (1st Paratrooper Operational Base) at Monsanto and BOTP2 at São Jacinto, some troops were also garrisoned in the BETP at Tancos. The BRIPARA structure included:

* BOTP1: Paratrooper Battalion nº11, Anti-Tank Company, Signals Company
* BOTP2: Paratrooper Battalion nº21, Services and Support Operational Group, Heavy Mortar Company
* BETP: Paratrooper Battalion nº31, Aeroterrestrial Operacional Group

Army Integration

In 1993, further changes in the organization of airborne forces took place when the Defense Minister decided that the entire corps should leave the Portuguese Air Force and become part of the Portuguese Army. This meant also that the Commandos Regiment would be disbanded and the commandos that had parachute course would be part of the new unit which was named "BAI - Brigada Aerotransportada Independente" (Independent Airborne Brigade).

The BETP then changed its name again to "ETAT - Escola de Tropas Aerotransportadas" (Airborne Troops School), the Paratrooper Corp changed to the "Comando de Tropas Aerotransportas" (Airborne Troops Command) and all three Paratrooper Battalions changed to Airborne Infantry Battalions (BIAT), this new Army Airborne Brigade was bigger and more powerful due to the previous Air Force Light Paratrooper Brigade, they had replace heavy mortars with 105 mm artillery guns and were equipped with light armor vehicles.

In territorial terms the BOTP1 was closed and BOTP2 changed name to São Jacinto Military Area, the units of the brigade that were not at Tancos (Airborne Support Battalion) or São Jacinto (2th BIAT) were now been garrison at Army barracks (Regiments) like 15th Infantry Regiment at Tomar (1st BIAT), 3rd Infantry Regiment at Beja (3rd BIAT), 4th Artillery Regiment at Leiria ("Grupo de Artilharia Aerotransportada" - Airborne Artillery Group), 3rd Cavalry Regiment at Estremoz ("Esquadrão de Reconhecimento Aerotransportado" - Airborne Recon Squadron) and others. BAI structure was:

* 15th Infantry Regiment: 1st BIAT, Services and Support Battalion
* São Jacinto Military Area: 2nd BIAT, Anti-Tank Company
* 3rd Infantry Regiment: 3rd BIAT
* 4th Artillery Regiment: Field Artillery Group
* ETAT: Aeroterrestrial Support Battalion
* Tancos Airfield: Signals Company
* Engineering Practical School: Engineering Company
* 3rd Cavalry Regiment: Recon Squadron
* 1st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment: Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battery

Elite Forces Brigade

The last reorganization of the Army though, changed the "ETAT" designation again to "ETP - Escola de Tropas Páraquedistas" (School of Parachute Troops) with the "BAI" being renamed and reorganized as "BRR - Brigada de Reacção Rápida ". The Airborne Troops Command was disbanded. Currently, airborne forces are under direct control of regular army commands, such as Land Forces Operational Command (operational units) or the Instruction Command (ETP - Paratrooper School).

The Elite Forces brigade is no longer a full deployable brigade, but rather an organizational structure that controls all the special trained army units.

3rd Airborne Infantry Battalion and Anti-Tank Company were disbanded and the other two BIAT were renamed Paratrooper Infantry Battalions (BIParas), the São Jacinto Military Area was renamed 10th Infantry Regiment, the Airborne Artillery Group and the Services and Support Battalion waere transferred to the Intervention Brigade and their no longer Airborne capable and the Engineering Company and the Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battery were reduce do Platoon size.This new Rapid Reaction Brigade joint all remaining Paratrooper units together with Army Special Operations and the reborn battalion size Army Comandos unit.Finally a newly form unit has joint BRR, its UALE (Army Light Aviation Unit), is waiting to be equipped with NH-90 TTH and a still-to-be-chosen light utility helicopter, possibly the Eurocopter EC-635 or the AgustaWestland A109.

BRR forces include:
* 15th Infantry Regiment: 1st BIPara
* 10th Infantry Regiment: 2nd BIPara
* ETP: Aeroterrestrial Battalion
* Commandos Troop Center: 2 Commandos Companies
* Special Operations Troop Center: Special Operations Forces
* Tancos Military Airfield: Army Light Aviation Unit, Signals Company
* 3rd Cavalry Regiment: Recon Squadron
* Engineering Practical School: Engineering Platoon
* 1st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment: Air Defence Platoon

Candidate Selection

General Conditions

* Be a volunteer
* Be a Portuguese citizen
* Be at least 18 years old and 24 at the most for enlisted ranks
* Be psychophysically and physically fit
* Minimum height is 1.60m for males and 1.56m for females
* Clean criminal registry
* Minimum school grade required is the 9th for enlisted, 12th for NCOs and a college degree to officers

Admission tests

* Medical exams
* Sensorial exams
* Psychiatric and physical exams
* Biographic questionnaire
* Psychological interview
* Physical tests

ETP Courses

Formation Courses

* Basic Instruction.
* Complementary Instruction.
** Pathfinder Auxiliary Course.
** Parachute Maintenance Course.
** Air Supply Operator Course.
** Trainer of Military dogs.

Qualification Courses

* Parachute Course.
* Airborne Basic Course.
* Airborne Operations Course.
* Parachute Instructor Course.
* Free Fall Course.
* Operational Free Fall Course.
* Free Fall Instructor Course.
* Manual Jump Master Course.
* Pathfinder Course.
* Air Supply Instructor Course.
* Air Supply Inspector Course.
* Airborne Equipment Tecnic Course.
* Airborne Equipment and Parachutes Maintenance Course.
* Complementary Paratrooper Course (officers and sergeants).
* Complementary Paratrooper Course (soldiers).

ETP Organization

The "ETP" is made of the following units:
* Instruction Battalion: responsible for the forming of paratroopers. (Recruitment, Parachute course, Combat course, etc)
* Aeroterrestrial Support Battalion:
** Airborne Equipment Company
** Airborne Supplying Company
** Pathfinders Company
** Airborne Activity Center
** War Dogs Center
**Engineers Platoon
**Anti-aircraft artillery Platoon
**Heavy Mortars Platoon
**Anti-Tank Platoon
* Selection of Parachute Troops Center

References

External links

* [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xxhg5_etp Promotional video]
* [http://www.paraquedistas.com.pt Portuguese Paratroopers website]