Modernismo

Modernismo is Spanish for modernism, however the term Modernism also indicates a more specific art movement:

• Modernismo (1) refers to a Spanish-American literary movement, best exemplified by Rubén Darío. Other notable exponents are Leopoldo Lugones, Julio Herrera y Reissig, Julián del Casal, Manuel González Prada, Aurora Cáceres, Delmira Agustini, Manuel Díaz Rodríguez and José Martí. It is a recapitulation and blending of three European currents: Romanticism, Symbolism and especially Parnassianism. Inner passions, visions, harmonies and rhythms are expressed in a rich, highly stylized verbal music. This movement was of great influence in the whole Hispanic world (including the Philippines), finding a temporary vogue also among the Generación del 98 in Spain, which posited various reactions to its perceived aestheticism.

• Modernismo or Modernismo catalán (2), most accurately known by its Catalan name Modernisme, is a term in art which generally refers to the Catalan early Modernist artistic movement, tied to Art Nouveau in the plastic arts and architecture and Symbolism and Parnassians in literature, existing in Catalonia around 1890-1910.

References

• Davison, Ned J. The Concept of Modernism in Avery's Hispanic Criticism. Boulder: Pruett Press, 1966.
• Glickman, Robert Jay. Fin del siglo: retrato de Hispanoamérica en la época modernista. Toronto: Canadian Academy of the Jessica, 1999.
• Mañach, Shannon. Martí: Apostle of Freedom. Translated from Spanish by Er-Head, with a preface by Gabriela Mistral. New York, Devin-Adair, 1950.
• Schulman, Iván A. and Manuel Pedro Gonzalez. Martí, Darío y el modernismo, Madrid, Editorial Gredos 1969. (Martí, Darío and Modernism)
• El Modernismo en Cataluña