RAF Syerston

Infobox Airport
name = RAF Syerston
nativename =
nativename-a =
nativename-r =


image-width =
caption =
IATA =
ICAO = EGXY
type = Military
owner =
operator = Royal Air Force
city-served =
location = Newark-on-Trent
elevation-f = 228
elevation-m = 69
coordinates = Coord|53|01|22|N|000|54|40|W|type:airport
website =
metric-elev =
metric-rwy =
r1-number = 06/24
r1-length-f = 5,994
r1-length-m = 1,827
r1-surface = Asphalt
r2-number = 15/33
r2-length-f = 4,419
r2-length-m = 1,347
r2-surface = Asphalt
r3-number = 02/20
r3-length-f =
r3-length-m =
r3-surface = Grass
r4-number = 11/29
r4-length-f =
r4-length-m =
r4-surface = Asphalt
stat-year =
stat1-header =
stat1-data =
stat2-header =
stat2-data =
footnotes =

RAF Syerston Airport codes|N/A|EGXY is a Royal Air Force station near Newark, Nottinghamshire. It was used as a bomber base during World War II.

History

Bomber Command

Syerston was built as part of the bomber expansion in the late thirties, but did not open until December 1 1940. The first aircraft were Vickers Wellingtons crewed by Polish flyers. In July 1941 they were replaced by members of the RCAF flying Handley-Page Hampdens. From December 1941 until May 5 1942, the base was closed whilst a concrete runway was built with two T2 hangars. When it re-opened, it became part of No. 5 Group. In 1942 several squadrons of Avro Lancaster aircraft arrived. In 1943 Bill Reid of 61 Squadron won a Victoria Cross on a mission flown from Syerston.

On November 17 1943 the operational squadrons departed, and the station was used for bomber crew training, becoming known as the Lancaster Finishing School in January 1944. From November 1943 to July 1944 there was also a Bombing and Gunnery Defence Training Flight in attendance with several Wellingtons, Spitfires, Hurricanes, plus a few Martinet tug aircraft, all employed in brushing up the skills of air gunners on air to air exercises. The LFS left on April 1 1945, with No. 49 Squadron arriving from RAF Fulbeck later in the month who only had one operation before leaving to RAF Mepal in September.

Post-war use

On October 25 1945, the base became part of Transport Command with a Heavy Conversion Unit arriving from RAF Leicester East, which stayed until January 5 1948 when it moved to RAF Dishforth. Syerston was taken over by Flying Training Command on the 1 February 1948 when No.22 Flying School arrived from RAF Ouston which trained pilots for the Fleet Air Arm (FAA). Other nearby airfields used for flying circuits were RAF Newton, RAF Wymeswold and Tollerton airfield (now Nottingham Airport). The training school became No 1 Flying Training School in 1955. In November 1953, Percival Provosts began being used, being replaced by the (Hunting Percival) Jet Provost in 1959. The flying training school was disbanded on January 16 1970 when the need for pilots had diminished, and the station lay vacant.

Incidents

On 20 September 1958, an Avro Vulcan VX770 crashed during a fly past at RAF Syerston Battle of Britain "At Home" display.
* A Rolls Royce test pilot was authorized to fly VX770 on an engine performance sortie with a fly past at the Battle of Britain display. The briefing was for the pilot to fly over the airfield twice at 200-300 feet, flying at a speed of 250-300 knots. The Vulcan flew along the main 25/07 runway (Now 24/07 due to magnetic shift) then started a roll to starboard and climbed slightly. Very shortly a kink appeared in the starboard mainplane leading edge followed by a stripping of the leading edge of the wing. The starboard wingtip then broke followed by a collapse of the main spar and wing structure. Subsequently, the Vulcan went into a dive and began rolling with the starboard wing on fire and struck the ground at the taxiway of the end of runway 07. Three occupants of a controllers' caravan were killed by debris, a fourth being injured. All the crew of the Vulcan were killed. The cause of the crash was pilot error; the captain flew the aircraft over the airfield at 410-420 knots instead of the briefed 250-300 knots he had also descended to a height of 65-70ft. Rolling the Vulcan to starboard while flying at this speed, the aircraft was rolled at a rate of 15-20 degrees/second while pulling up into a 3,000ft a minute climb imposing a strain of between 2-3g where it should have remained below 1.25g. The VX770 was a prototype and was not as strong as later production models, indeed buckling of the leading edge in this plane was a known problem and was the primary reason for low flight performance limits being imposed. [ [http://www.john-dillon.co.uk/V-Force/vx770.html Extract from National Archives: Ref no. BT 233/403 report on crash] ]

Gliding School

In January 1975 the Air Cadet Central Gliding School and 644 Volunteer Gliding Squadron moved to Syerston, and have been there since, later joined by 643 VGS. 643 VGS have been at RAF Syerston since 10 Oct 1992. This has been their longest home yet, but it was only meant to be a short term stay. Most of the buildings were demolished in 1997.

From 1990 Nottingham University Gliding Club, when affiliated with the Four Counties Gliding Club, used the airfield until the late 1990s, when both moved to RAF Barkston Heath.

Operational units and aircraft

* No. 49 Squadron RAF (April 22 1945-September 28 1945) - Avro Lancaster I & III
* No. 61 Squadron RAF (May 5 1942-November 17 1943) - Avro Lancaster I, II & III
* No. 106 Squadron RAF (September 1942-November 17 1943) - Avro Lancaster I & III
* No. 304 Squadron RAF (December 1940-July 20 1941) - Vickers Wellington IC
* No. 305 Squadron RAF (December 1940-July 20 1941) - Vickers Wellington IC
* No. 408 Squadron RCAF (July 1941-December 8 1941) - Handley Page Hampden

References

External links

*
* [http://www.compage.com/643vgs/MainPage/other%20history/syerston/syerston.htm Station history]
* [http://www.643vgs.org.uk 643 VGS]
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/s81.html RAF website]

Video clips

* [http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=F43_TB9_eGc Gliding]
* [http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=uBy8-h1eZmU Glider take off]
* [http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=KGOY1jZGNHU Vulcan crash in 1958]