- Demographics of Taiwan
-
This article is about the demographic features of the population in Taiwan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The population in Taiwan was estimated in July 2011 at 23,188,087[1] spread across a total land area of 35,980 km², making it the sixteenth most densely populated country in the world with a population density of 641 people per km².
The original population of Taiwan consists of Taiwanese aborigines who are genetically related to Austronesian peoples, with a mitochondrial DNA contribution from a Polynesian maternal ancestor, and linguists classify their languages as Austronesian.[2] Immigration of Han Chinese to the Penghu islands started as early as the 1200s, while settlement of the main island occurred from the 1500s, stimulated by the import of workers from Fujian by the Dutch in the 17th century. According to governmental statistics, 96% of Taiwan's population is now made up of Han Chinese, while only 2% are Taiwanese aborigines.[3] Half the population are followers of one or a mixture of 25 recognized religions. Around 93% of the religious population are followers of a mixture of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, while a minority 4.5% are followers of Christianity.
During the 20th century the population of Taiwan rose more than sevenfold, from 3.04 million in 1905 to 22.3 at December 31, 2000. This high growth was caused by a combination of factors, very high fertility rates up to the 1960s, and low mortality rates, and a surge in population as the Chinese Civil War ended, and the Kuomintang forces retreated, bringing an influx of two million soldiers and civilians to Taiwan in 1948 - 1949. Consequently, the natural growth of Taiwan was very rapid, especially in the late 1940s and 1950s, with an effective growth rate as high as 36.8 per 1,000 during 1951-1956. Including the Kuomintang forces, which accounted in 1950 for about 25% of all persons on Taiwan, immigration of mainland Chinese (now approximately 13% of the present population) at the end of the 1940s was a major factor in the high population growth of Taiwan. Some official government statistics for the period, including those reported on this page, do not seem consistent with the known size of the Kuomintang influx.
Fertility rates decreased gradually thereafter, and in 1984 the rate reached the replacement level (2.1 children per women, which is needed to replace the existing population). Fertility rates have continued to decline and in 2010 Taiwan was experiencing a population growth of less than 0.2% and a fertility rate of only 0.9, which is the lowest rate ever recorded in Taiwan. The population of Taiwan is projected to reach a maximum of little over 23.4 million between 2020 and 2025, and will decrease thereafter.
The official national language is Mandarin, although a majority also speak Taiwanese (dialect of Min Nan; a Southern Fujian language) and Hakka. Japanese speakers are becoming rare as the elderly generation who lived under Japanese rule are dying out. Aboriginal languages are gradually becoming extinct as the aborigines have become acculturated despite a program by the ROC government to preserve the languages.
Contents
Population
According to May 2006 statistics from the Ministry of the Interior, the population of Taiwan was 22,805,547, 99.6% of which live on Taiwan island (Taiwan, Taipei City and Kaohsiung City). The remaining 0.4% (82,618) live on offshore islands (Penghu, Jinmen, Mazu, Lanyu, and Green Island).
Taiwan is ranked the 50th most populous nation in the world.
Rank Name Chinese name Population 1 Taiwan 臺灣 or 台灣 18,590,635 ¹ 2 Taipei City 臺北市 or 台北市 2,620,693 3 Kaohsiung City 高雄市 1,511,601 4 Fukien Province 福建省 82,618 ² Total 22,805,547 Notes:
1. Excludes the cities of Taipei and Kaohsiung, which were split off from the Taiwan in 1967 and 1979 respectively. 2. Covers only the modern counties of Kinmen and Lienchiang, which are under the effective jurisdiction of the Fukien Province. Population census
Year Males (thousands) Females (thousands) Total population (thousands) Average annual growth rate (%) 1905 1,611 1,429 3,040 1915 1,813 1,669 3,480 1.4 1920 1,894 1,762 3,655 1.0 1925 2,053 1,941 3,993 1.8 1930 2,353 2,239 4,593 2.8 1935 2,660 2,553 5,212 2.6 1940 2,971 2,901 5,872 2.4 1956 4,772 4,596 9,368 3.0 1966 7,153 6,352 13,505 3.7 1970 (sampling) 7,723 7,047 14,770 2.3 1975 (sampling) 8,439 7,840 16,279 2.0 1980 9,405 8,624 18,030 2.1 1990 10,618 9,775 20,394 1.2 2000 11,386 10,915 22,301 0.9 2010 (end of year estimate) 23,162 0.4 Net migration rate
During 2004-2010 Taiwan's migration rate was positive. On average the annual net migration amounted to 22,000 people during that period, which is equivalent to a rate of 1.0 per 1000 inhabitants per year.
Age structure
Age range 1980 census 1990 census 2000 2010 0–14 years 32.1% 26.9% 21.2% 15.65% 15–64 years 63.6% 67.0% 70.2% 73.61% 65 years and over 4.3% 6.1% 8.6% 10.74% Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.99 male(s)/female
- total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Nationality
Main article: Political status of TaiwanSome identify themselves as Taiwanese (台灣人 Táiwānrén) to clarify that they are from Taiwan, not from mainland China (大陸人 Dàlùrén; "mainlander/people from the mainland"). The people of Taiwan are officially "Chinese citizens" recognized by the Republic of China government.
Ethnicity (Overview)
Main article: List of ethnic groups in TaiwanThe majority of the population are said to be descendants of Han Chinese immigrants from the adjacent Fujian province in mainland China.
Officially, the population of Taiwan consist of 98% Han Chinese, of which 84% identify as Benshengren (本省人 Běnshěngrén; literally "home-province person") while 15% are mainlanders or Waishengren (外省人 Wàishěngrén; literally "external-province person"). The remainder 2% are aborigines (less than 500,000). A confounding factor is intermarriage between these ethnic groups - to the extent that it is doubtful whether the term "ethnicity" can be used at all.
Han Chinese
Main article: Taiwanese people98% of Taiwanese are descendants of a mixture of Han Chinese and mainly plains tribe aboriginals who intermarried over the past four hundred years. Approximately two-thirds of those are descendants of early immigrants (70% of ethnic Hoklo and 15% of ethnic Hakka) from the adjacent Fujian (Hokkien) and Guangdong (Canton) province who crossed the Taiwan Strait. Some settlers intermarried with Plains Aborigines. Both Hakka and Hoklo speakers regard themselves as Benshengren (本省人) and consider the mainland Chinese immigrants around the late 1940s during the Chinese Civil War as Waishengren (外省人).
Aboriginal
Main article: Taiwanese aboriginesThe total population of aborigines was estimated in May 2006 to be 468,602 which is about 2% of the total population of Taiwan. The aborigines inhabit the eastern half of Taiwan which consists mostly of mountainous terrain.
Living in the Eastern plains Male Female 220,513 (47.1%) 111,372 109,141 Living in the mountains Male Female 248,089 (52.9%) 122,016 126,073 468,602 233,388 235,214 - Note: Source data obtained from ROC Ministry of the Interior website (Spreadsheet data: m1-04.xls)
The ROC government officially recognizes fourteen aborigine tribes (原住民; yuánzhùmín; literally "original inhabitants"). These are: Ami, Atayal, Paiwan, Bunun, Puyuma, Rukai, Tsou, Saisiyat, Tao (Yami), Thao, Kavalan, Truku, Seediq, and Sakizaya. Japanese colonial rule of Taiwan classified and recognized nine tribes based on linguistic and cultural data; these criteria were modified and included in the official ROC ethnographies of Taiwanese people. The Thao, Kavalan, Truku, Sakizaya, and Seediq tribes were recognized much later in 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, and 2008 respectively by the ROC government. There are at least another dozen tribes that are not recognized by the government.
Officially Recognized Taiwanese Aboriginal Tribes English
nameChinese
namePinyin
transliterationPopulation at census 2000[4] Population Date of recognition Notes Amis
(Pangcah)阿美 Āměi 148,992 183,799 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government.
Tribal name means "north."Paiwan 排灣 Páiwān 70,331 88,323 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government. Atayal
(Tayal)泰雅 Tàiyǎ 91,883 80,061 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government.
Tribal name means "brave person."Bunun 布農 Bùnóng 41,038 51,447 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government. Truku
(Taroko)太魯閣 Tàilǔgé - 25,857 January 14, 2004 Originally classified as Atayal. Rukai 魯凱 Lǔkǎi 12,084 11,911 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government. Puyuma 卑南 Bēinán 9,606 11,850 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government. Tsou
(Cou)鄒 Zōu 6,169 6,733 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government. Seediq 賽德克 Sàidékè - 6,606 April 23, 2008 Originally classified as Atayal. Saisiyat
(Saysiat)賽夏 Sàixià 5,311 5,900 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government. Tao
(Yami)達悟 Dáwù 3,872 3,748 Japanese colonial era One of the 9 tribes originally recognized by the Japanese colonial government.
Also known as 雅美 (Yǎmĕi) or 耶美 (Yémĕi). Tribal name means "person."Kavalan 噶瑪蘭 Gámǎlán - 1,218 2002 Some Kavalan are classified as Amis. Thao 邵 Shào - 693 2001 Originally thought to be Plains aborigines living among the Tsou. Sakizaya 撒奇萊雅 Sāqíláiyǎ - 442 January 17, 2007 Reclassified as Amis during the Japanese colonial era. Others 8,249 Total 397,535 Unrecognized Taiwanese aboriginal tribes may include extinct tribes (mostly Plains aboriginal groups) or tribes currently classified with other groups. There are also 25,943 Aborigines who are currently not classified in any group.
Unrecognized Taiwanese Aboriginal Tribes English
nameChinese
namePinyin Babuza 巴布薩 Bābùsà Basay 巴賽 Bāsài Hoanya 洪雅 Hé'ānyǎ Kanakanabu 卡那卡那富 Kǎnàkǎnàfù Kaxabu 噶哈巫 Géhāwū Ketagalan 凱達格蘭 Kǎidágélán Luilang 雷朗 Léilǎng Makatao 馬卡道 Mǎkǎdào Papora
(Papora)巴布拉 Bābùlā Pazeh
(Pazih)巴宰 (巴澤海) Bāzǎi (Bāzéhǎi) Qauqaut 猴猴 Hóuhóu Saaroa 沙阿魯阿 Shāālǔā Siraya 西拉雅 Xīlāyǎ Taokas 道卡斯 Dàokǎsī Foreign residents
Nationality / Origin Total 1 Indonesia 148,737 34.6% 2 Vietnam 86,317 20.1% 3 Philippines 74,483 17.3% 4 Thailand 68,618 15.9% 5 Japan 11,087 2.5% 6 United States 10,383 2.4% 7 Malaysia 9,735 2.2% 8 South Korea 3,428 0.8% 9 Canada 2,410 0.6% 10 India 1,538 0.4% 11 United Kingdom 1,388 0.3% 12 Singapore 1,091 0.3% - Other 11,157 2.6% Total 430,372 100.0% - As of Feb. 28th, 2011
- Source: National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior[5]
Besides, there are People of the Mainland China Area, Hong Kong and Macao residents, and Nationals without registered household in the Taiwan Area.
People Temporary residency Permanent residency Mainland China 241,455 128,744 Hong Kong and Macao 34,241 21,218 nationals without registered household 136,846 204,808 - As of Feb. 28th, 2011
- Source: National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior[6]
Languages
Main article: Languages of Taiwan- Overview: Mandarin (official), Taiwanese Minnan, Hakka dialects, Taiwanese aboriginal languages
Almost everyone in Taiwan born after the early 1950s can speak Mandarin, which has been the official language and the medium of instruction in the schools for more than four decades. The Mandarin spoken in Taiwan has minor differences from that spoken in mainland China, South-east Asia and other regions of the world.
The majority speak a dialect form of Min Nan (Southern Fujianese language), commonly referred to as Taiwanese, which was the most common language. The ethnic Hakka have a distinct Hakka dialect. Between 1900 and 1945 Japanese was the medium of instruction and could be fluently spoken by many of those educated during that period. Chinese romanisation in Taiwan uses both Hanyu pinyin which has been officially adopted by the central government, and Tongyong pinyin which some localities use. Wade-Giles, used traditionally, is also found.
On Kinmen (Quemoy), the language spoken is also Min Nan. On the Matsu Islands, the Foochow dialect, a Min Dong (Eastern Fujianese) dialect, is spoken.
The most widely spoken Taiwanese aboriginal languages today are Amis, Atayal, Bunun, and Paiwan.
Religion
Main article: Religion in TaiwanArticle 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of China guarantees freedom of religion as a right of all its citizens. As of 2002[update], the Republic of China government recognizes 25 religions which are registered with the Civil Affairs Department of the Ministry of the Interior (MOI).[7]
Statistics on registered religions (2005)
About 81.3% of the population can be considered religious believers, most of whom identify themselves as Buddhists or Taoists. At the same time there is a strong belief in folk religion. These are not considered mutually exclusive, and many people practice a combination of the three. Confucianism also is an honored school of thought and ethical codes. Christian churches have been active in Taiwan for many centuries, a majority of which are Protestant, with Presbyterians playing a particularly significant role. The ROC government has diplomatic relations with the Holy See, which is the only European nation to formally recognize the ROC and is the ROC's longest lasting diplomatic ally, having established relations in 1942. Islam is a static religion but has seen a surge in recent years as a result of foreign Muslims seeking work in Taiwan, most notably from Indonesia. There is also a small group of Shinto followers under the Tenrikyo sect which began in the 1970s.
The table shows official statistics on religion issued by the Department of Civil Affairs, Ministry of the Interior ("MOI"), in 2005. The ROC government recognizes 26 religions in Taiwan.[8] The statistics are reported by the various religious organizations to the MOI:[8][9]
Religion Members % of total population Temples & churches Buddhism (佛教) (including Tantric Buddhism) 8,086,000 35.1% 4,006 Taoism (道教) 7,600,000 33.0% 18,274 Yi Guan Dao (一貫道) 810,000 3.5% 3,260 Protestantism (基督新教) 605,000 2.6% 3,609 Catholicism (天主教) 298,000 1.3% 1,151 Lord of Universe Church (天帝教) 298,000 1.3% 50 Maitreya Great Tao (彌勒大道) 250,000 1.1% 2,200 Tian De Jiao (天德教) 200,000 0.9% 14 Li-ism (理教) 186,000 0.8% 138 Syuan Yuan Jiao (軒轅教) 152,700 0.7% 22 Islam (伊斯蘭教) 58,000 0.3% 6 Tenrikyo (天理教) 35,000 0.2% 153 Universe Maitreya Emperor Jiao (宇宙彌勒皇教) 35,000 0.2% 12 Hai Zih Dao (亥子道) 30,000 0.1% 55 Confucianism (儒學) 26,700 0.1% 139 Church of Scientology (山達基教會) 20,000 0.1% 7 Bahá'í Faith (巴哈伊教) 16,000 0.1% 13 The Chinese Heritage and Mission Religion (玄門真宗) 5,000 < 0.1% 5 Zhonghua Sheng Jiao (中華聖教) 3,200 < 0.1% 7 Mahikarikyo (真光教團) 1,000 < 0.1% 9 Pre-cosmic Salvationism (先天救教) 1,000 < 0.1% 6 Huang Zhong (黃中) 1,000 < 0.1% 1 Da Yi Jiao (大易教) 1,000 < 0.1% 1 Total religious population 18,718,600 81.3% 33,138 Total population 23,036,087 100% - Statistics for the following religions and new religious movements are missing from the table above:
- Xian Tian Jiu Jiao (先天救教)
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (耶穌基督後期聖徒教會)
- Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity (世界基督教統一神靈協會)
- Source: Taipei Times.[7]
Vital statistics
Births and deaths[10][11]
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) 1906 3 060 119 107 102 000 16 000 38.6 33.4 5.2 1907 3 090 121 756 100 000 21 000 39.1 32.4 6.7 1908 3 120 119 800 100 000 19 000 38.2 31.9 6.3 1909 3 160 127 286 98 000 29 000 40.2 31.1 9.1 1910 3 210 132 141 88 000 45 000 41.3 27.5 13.8 1911 3 270 135 658 86 000 51 000 41.8 26.2 15.6 1912 3 330 136 622 83 000 55 000 41.3 25.0 16.3 1913 3 390 136 967 85 000 53 000 40.8 25.0 15.8 1914 3 440 141 450 95 000 47 000 41.4 27.6 13.8 1915 3 480 137 669 110 000 29 000 40.0 31.5 8.5 1916 3 510 128 605 100 000 31 000 37.3 28.6 8.7 1917 3 560 142 414 96 000 50 000 40.9 27.0 13.9 1918 3 590 139 465 122 000 21 000 39.7 34.1 5.6 1919 3 630 136 707 97 000 43 000 38.5 26.8 11.7 1920 3 655 141 313 117 000 27 000 39.5 32.1 7.4 1921 3 720 155 159 90 000 69 000 42.8 24.2 18.6 1922 3 790 154 531 93 000 65 000 41.8 24.6 17.2 1923 3 860 146 984 82 000 69 000 39.1 21.3 17.8 1924 3 930 158 688 96 000 67 000 41.4 24.5 16.9 1925 3 993 159 423 95 000 68 000 40.8 23.9 16.9 1926 4 100 175 802 92 000 87 000 43.7 22.4 21.3 1927 4 210 177 422 93 000 89 000 43.2 22.1 21.1 1928 4 330 183 699 95 000 94 000 43.7 22.0 21.7 1929 4 460 190 031 96 000 100 000 44.0 21.6 22.4 1930 4 593 198 186 89 000 117 000 44.8 19.4 25.4 1931 4 710 208 137 100 000 116 000 45.8 21.3 24.5 1932 4 867 204 913 99 000 115 000 44.0 20.4 23.6 1933 4 995 211 737 98 000 123 000 44.3 19.7 24.6 1934 5 128 219 189 105 166 123 510 44.6 20.5 24.1 1935 5 255 225 980 106 905 129 040 44.9 20.3 24.6 1936 5 384 223 961 106 332 127 725 43.5 19.8 23.7 1937 5 530 237 090 109 096 138 570 44.8 19.7 25.1 1938 5 678 235 821 111 723 133 117 43.1 19.7 23.4 1939 5 821 244 707 115 044 139 119 43.7 19.8 23.9 1940 5 987 246 691 116 239 141 232 43.0 19.4 23.6 1941 6 163 241 894 99 858 153 447 41.1 16.2 24.9 1942 6 339 242 796 112 161 143 243 40.3 17.7 22.6 1943 6 507 247 427 122 001 138 662 40.0 18.8 21.2 1944 1945 1946 1947 6 294 241 071 114 000 127 000 38.3 18.1 20.2 1948 6 648 264 000 95 000 169 000 39.7 14.3 25.4 1949 7 099 300 843 93 000 208 000 42.4 13.1 29.3 1950 7 468 323 643 86 000 238 000 43.4 11.5 31.9 1951 7 695 385 383 89 000 296 000 50.0 11.6 38.5 1952 8 000 372 905 79 000 294 000 46.6 9.9 36.8 1953 8 297 374 536 78 000 297 000 45.2 9.4 35.8 1954 8 617 383 574 71 000 313 000 44.6 8.2 36.3 1955 8 924 403 683 77 000 327 000 45.3 8.6 36.6 1956 9 242 414 036 74 000 340 000 44.8 8.0 36.8 1957 9 539 394 870 81 000 314 000 41.4 8.5 32.9 1958 9 858 410 885 75 000 336 000 41.7 7.6 34.1 1959 10 227 421 458 74 000 347 000 41.2 7.2 33.9 1960 10 602 419 442 74 000 345 000 39.5 7.0 32.5 1961 10 983 420 254 74 000 346 254 38.3 6.7 31.5 1962 11 312 423 469 72 000 351 469 37.4 6.4 31.1 1963 11 680 424 250 71 000 353 250 36.3 6.1 30.2 1964 12 088 416 926 69 000 347 926 34.5 5.7 28.8 1965 12 442 406 604 67 887 338 717 32.7 5.5 27.2 1966 12 812 415 108 69 778 345 330 32.4 5.4 27.0 1967 13 147 374 282 71 861 302 421 28.5 5.5 23.0 1968 13 474 394 260 73 650 320 610 29.3 5.5 23.8 1969 13 995 390 728 70 549 320 179 27.9 5.0 22.9 1970 14 507 394 015 71 135 322 883 27.2 4.9 22.3 1971 14 837 380 424 70 954 309 470 25.6 4.8 20.9 1972 15 145 365 749 71 486 294 263 24.1 4.7 19.4 1973 15 424 366 942 73 477 293 465 23.8 4.8 19.0 1974 15 699 355 933 74 760 293 063 23.4 4.8 18.7 1975 15 999 357 653 75 061 292 586 23.0 4.7 18.3 1976 16 298 424 075 77 000 347 075 26.0 4.7 21.3 1977 16 601 393 633 79 000 316 796 23.7 4.8 19.1 1978 16 951 411 637 79 000 330 203 24.3 4.7 19.5 1979 17 337 421 720 82 000 340 518 24.3 4.7 19.6 1980 17 608 413 881 84 333 329 548 23.5 4.8 18.7 1981 17 972 414 069 87 192 326 877 23.0 4.9 18.2 1982 18 261 405 263 87 578 317 685 22.2 4.8 17.4 1983 18 538 383 439 90 951 292 488 20.7 4.9 15.8 1984 18 873 371 008 89 915 281 093 19.7 4.8 14.9 1985 19 135 346 208 92 348 253 860 18.1 4.8 13.3 1986 19 356 309 230 95 057 214 173 16.0 4.9 11.1 1987 19 564 314 024 96 319 217 705 16.1 4.9 11.1 1988 19 788 342 031 102 113 239 918 17.3 5.2 12.1 1989 20 004 315 299 103 288 212 011 15.8 5.2 10.6 1990 20 230 335 618 105 669 229 949 16.6 5.2 11.4 1991 20 455 321 932 106 284 215 648 15.7 5.2 10.5 1992 20 655 321 632 110 516 211 116 15.6 5.4 10.2 1993 20 848 325 613 110 901 214 712 15.6 5.3 10.3 1994 21 087 322 938 113 866 209 072 15.3 5.4 9.9 1995 21 268 329 581 119 112 210 469 15.5 5.6 9.9 1996 21 441 325 545 122 489 203 056 15.2 5.7 9.5 1997 21 634 326 002 121 000 205 002 15.1 5.6 9.5 1998 21 836 271 450 123 180 148 270 12.4 5.6 6.8 1999 22 011 283 661 126 113 157 548 12.9 5.7 7.2 2000 22 185 305 312 125 957 179 355 13.8 5.7 8.1 2001 22 342 260 354 127 647 132 707 11.7 5.7 5.9 2002 22 464 247 530 128 636 118 894 11.0 5.7 5.3 2003 22 554 227 070 130 801 96 269 10.1 5.8 4.3 2004 22 647 216 419 135 092 81 327 9.6 6.0 3.6 2005 22 730 205 854 139 398 66 456 9.1 6.1 2.9 2006 22 824 204 459 135 839 68 620 9.0 6.0 3.0 2007 22 918 204 414 141 111 63 303 8.9 6.2 2.8 2008 22 998 198 733 143 624 55 109 8.6 6.2 2.4 2009 23 079 191 310 143 582 47 728 8.3 6.2 2.1 2010 23 141 166 886 145 772 21 114 7.2 6.3 0.9 Fertility rate[12][13]
The fertility rate of Taiwan is one of the lowest fertility rates ever recorded in the world in historical times. It reached its lowest level in 2010: 0.90 children per female. In 1980, the rate was still well above replacement level (2.515), but it dropped to 1.88 in 1985, 1.81 in 1990, 1.78 in 1995, 1.68 in 2000, 1.12 in 2005.
Infant mortality rate
- total: 6.29 deaths/1,000 live births
- male: 6.97 deaths/1,000 live births
- female: 5.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
Taiwan is ranked 51st in the world for highest life expectancy at birth.
Gender Life expectancy in 2009[14] Male 75.88 years Female 82.46 years HIV/AIDS
Main article: HIV/AIDS in TaiwanThe first reported case of HIV/AIDS was recorded in December 1984 and the first local infection recorded in February 1986. As of May 2006, there were 11,486 recorded cases of HIV of which 2,631 were confirmed with AIDS. There were 1,425 deaths leaving 10,029 people living with HIV/AIDS. This is less than 0.5% of the total population of Taiwan. Statistics by the Center for Disease Control show that the gender distribution of infected person was 90% male and 10% female.
Data Population Adult prevalence 11,486 People living with HIV/AIDS 10,029 Deaths 1,425 - Source: Center for Disease Control (CDC), Republic of China - May 2006 est.(PDF file) (Chinese)
Military manpower
Main articles: Conscription in the Republic of China and Military of the Republic of ChinaThe Republic of China has a compulsory military draft for males aged 19–35 years of age with a service obligation of 12 months in 2008.
Available manpower
Defined as 19–49 years of age.
Gender Population Male 5,883,828 Female 5,680,773 Total 11,564,601 Fit for military service
Of the available manpower, the following are fit for military service. Defined as 19–49 years of age.
Gender Population Male 4,749,537 Female 4,644,607 Total 9,394,144 Education
Main article: Education in TaiwanTaiwan has a nine-year compulsory education program initiated by the Ministry of Education in 1968. This consists of six years in elementary education and three years in junior high education. About 94.7% of junior high graduates continue their studies in either a senior high or vocational school[citation needed]. Reflecting a strong commitment to education, in FY 2001 16% of the ROC budget was allocated for education[citation needed]. The enrollment rate was 96.77% for the school year 2004-2005.[15] For the school year 2005-2006, there were 5,283,855 students in both public and private schools, about a quarter of the entire population. The literacy rate is above 95%.
Taiwan has an extensive higher education system with more than 100 institutions of higher learning. Each year over 100,000 students take the joint college entrance exam; about 66.6% of the candidates are admitted to a college or university[citation needed]. Opportunities for graduate education are expanding in Taiwan, but many students travel abroad for advanced education, including 13,000 who study in the United States annually[citation needed].
Since the mid-1990s, the government has introduced several education reforms in a bid to further improve education standards such as the replacement in 2002 of the 48-year long Joint University Entrance Examination (JUEE; 大學聯考; Dàxué liánkǎo) which had been set up in 1954.
See also: List of universities in TaiwanDistribution of students
Sector Education Years of study Typical Age range Students Distribution Pre-school Kindergarten (2 years) 4–6 years old 224,220 4.2% Compulsory Elementary 6 years 6–12 years old 1,831,913 34.7% Junior High 3 years 12–15 years old 951,236 18% Senior Secondary Senior High 3 years 15–18 years old 420,608 8% Senior Vocation 3 years 15–18 years old 331,604 6.3% Higher Education Junior College 2–5 years 15–20 years old 37,068 0.7% University & College 4–7 years
(up to 13 years)18–25 years old
(up to 31 years old)1,259,490 23.8% Other Special School up to 14 years 4–18 years old 6,361 0.1% Supplementary School n/a n/a 200,573 3.8% Open University n/a n/a 20,782 0.4% Total 5,283,855 100% - Source: Number of students at each level (SY 2005-2006), Ministry of Education, Republic of China.
Literacy
Definition of literacy is those aged 15 and over who can read and write.
Gender Population Male n/a Female n/a Total n/a Literacy rate 96.1% - Source: CIA World Factbook (2003 est.)
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other territories- Christmas Island
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- Hong Kong
- Macau
References
- ^ "Latest population estimates". National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan). http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=4.
- ^ Trejaut, Jean; Toomas Kivisild, Jun Hun Loo, Chien Liang Lee, Chun Lin He, Chia Jung Hsu, Zheng Yuan Li, Marie Lin (August 2005). "Traces of Archaic Mitochondrial Lineages Persist in Austronesian-Speaking Formosan Populations". PLoS Biology 3 (8): e247. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030247. PMC 1166350. PMID 15984912. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1166350.
- ^ Taiwan More Than an Island Government Information Office of the Republic of China.
- ^ Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (DGBAS). National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan). Preliminary statistical analysis report of 2000 Population and Housing Census. Excerpted from Table 28:Indigenous population distribution in Taiwan-Fukien Area. Accessed PM 8/30/06
- ^ "臺灣地區居留外僑統計". National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior. 2011-02-28. http://www.immigration.gov.tw/np.asp?ctNode=29698&mp=1. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
- ^ "大陸地區、港澳居民、無戶籍國民來臺人數統計表" (in Chinese (The agency provides a bilingual glossary)) (Excel). National Immigration Agency, Ministry of the Interior. 2011-02-28. http://taiwanwhatsup.immigration.gov.tw/public/Attachment/13249385464.xls. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ a b "Taiwan Yearbook 2004 - Religion". Taipei Times. 2004. http://ecommerce.taipeitimes.com/yearbook2004/P351.htm.
- ^ a b "Taiwan Yearbook 2006". Government of Information Office. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20070708213510/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/22Religion.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
- ^ "2006 Report on International Religious Freedom". U.S. Department of State. 2006. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71337.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
- ^ B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-2000.
- ^ National Statistics Republic of China (Taiwan)
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ "Taiwan Yearbook 2005 - Education". Government Information Office, Republic of China. http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/p276.html.
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