National Anthem of Manchukuo

The National Anthem of Manchukuo was one of the many national symbols of independence and sovereignty created to foster a sense of legitimacy for Manchukuo in both an effort to secure international diplomatic recognition and to foster a sense of patriotism among its inhabitants.

During Manchukuo's short 14-year existence, two national anthems were used.

It was the “Anthem” de jure but not in practice. It was never familiar to the ears of the Chinese population, even though it was written in Chinese. Nowadays older people in Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) has forgotten it, they may, however, sing Kimigayo fluently till now. So kimigayo was the de facto “Anthem” in practice, leaving those de jure “Anthems” for propaganda only.

1933 Anthem

The first national anthem was declared by State Council Decree No.4^[1], dated 24 February Dàtóng 2 (1933)^[1] but publicized on March 1. The lyrics were written by Manchukuo's first Prime Minister Zheng Xiaoxu,^[2][3] who was devout Confucianist and Qing loyalist in addition to being an accomplished poet and calligrapher.

Traditional Chinese	Pinyin	English translation
天地內 有了新滿洲	Tiān dì nèi, yǒu liǎo xīn mǎnzhōu	(Now) there is the new Manchuria on Earth,
新滿洲 便是新天地	Xīn mǎnzhōu, biàn shì xīn tiān dì	and the new Manchuria is our new land.
頂天立地 無苦無憂 造成我國家	Dǐng tiān lì dì, wú kǔ wú yōu, zào chéng wǒ guójiā	Let us make our country to be upright and free of sadness,
只有親愛竝無怨仇	Zhǐ yǒu qīn'ài bìng wú yuànchóu	with only love and no hate.
人民三千萬 人民三千萬	Rénmín sān qiān wàn, rénmín sān qiān wàn	Thirty million people, thirty million people,
縱加十倍也得自由	Zòng jiā shí bèi yě dé zìyóu	at ten times more we should still be free.
重仁義 尚禮讓 使我身修	Zhòng rényì, shàng lǐràng, shǐ wǒ shēn xiū,	With virtue and li, rectified am I;
家已齊 國已治 此外何求?	Jiā yǐ qí, guó yǐ zhì, cǐwài hé qiú?	with family in order and with the state well-ruled, there are nothing I want.
近之則與世界同化	Jìn zhī, zé yǔ shìjiè tónghuà	For now, may we assimilate with the world;
遠之則與天地同流	Yuǎn zhī, zé yǔ tiāndì tóng liú	for the future, may we follow the ways of the Heaven and Earth.

1942 Anthem

The 1933 anthem was changed on 5 September Kāngdé 9 (1942), by State Council Order No. 201^[4]. Manchukuo's second Prime minister Zhang Jinghui cited the 1933 anthem was unsuitable for the current situations of the Empire^[5] as the reason for the change. The new anthem, with Manchurian (i.e. Mandarin Chinese) and Japanese lyrics, was written by a committee, according to Zhang^[6]. The 1933 anthem was renamed the Manchukuo Independence Song (滿洲國建國歌, pinyin: Mǎnzhōuguó jiàn guógē, Japanese Hepburn romanization: Manshukoku-kenkoku uta).

Lyrics

Traditional Chinese	Pinyin	English translation
神光開宇宙 表裏山河壯皇猷	Shén guāng kāi yǔzhòu, biǎolǐ shānhé zhuàng huáng yóu	With the Universe created in God's Light, the vast land strengthens the Emperor's rule;
帝德之隆 巍巍蕩蕩莫與儔	Dì'dé zhī lóng wēiwēi dàngdàng mò yǔ chóu	So full is His virtue, so wide that it is beyond compare
永受天祐兮 萬壽無疆薄海謳	Yǒng shòu tiān yòu xī, wànshòuwújiāng bó hǎi xú	May He always receive divine guidance, with his years surpassing the sea;
仰贊天業兮 輝煌日月侔	Yǎng zàn tiān yè xī, huīhuáng rì yuè móu	[Let us] worship the divine work, its glory equals the sun and moon.
Japanese	Hepburn romanization	English translation
大御光　天地に充ち	Ohomi-hikari ametsuchi ni michi	Filling the world with Divine light,
帝徳は　隆く　崇し	Teitoku wa takaku totoshi	The Emperor's virtue is noble and worshipped.
豊栄の　万寿ことほぎ	Toyosaka no banju kotohogi	Let us salute him with long life and prosperity
天つ御業　仰ぎまつらむ	Ametsumiwaza ogimatsuramu	and we revere the Emperor's deeds

Official Interpretation

According to the official interpretation of the anthem issued on the same day of its adoption, the "God" in the first line refers to Amaterasu^[7], the sun goddess in Shinto, referring to Manchukuo's adoption of State Shinto as its state religion in 1940. Also, God's Light is interpreted as Arahitogami, i.e. Emperor of Japan. The whole of the first line is interpreted as

“

with this Divine Light, the Universe is created, and the bright and peaceful (it used the kanji 昭和, cognate of Shōwa, for bright and peaceful.) Light fills and shines over our Manchurian land and rivers, and with that we have our independence and our successes after independence. His Majesty the Emperor (i.e. Kangde) received this Divine Light to rule our country and to love our citizens. The first line [...] is an ode to our state.[8]

”

"The Divine Work" in the fourth line came from Kangde's Imperial Rescript on the Tenth Anniversary of the Nation on 1 March 1942, in which he mentioned,

“

We should sharpen our mind and spirits to sacrifice to the holy Greater East Asia War and help in the Divine Work of our Parent Nation...

”

and hence interpreted as:

“

This line describes the determination of our citizens. The Imperial Message on March 1 stated "[to] help in the Divine Work of the Parent Nation," and the Divine Work of Japan, our Parent Nation, is to revitalize East Asia and to create the Co-prosperity Sphere[...] Our country is the pioneer in the prosperity of East Asia[...] Our citizens should revere this Divine Work of our Parent Nation and to help it in all our endeavors, to finalize the goal of our independence, to rebuild the world, and that the Divine Work maybe as large and permanent as the sun and the moon.[9]

”

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Page 9, Manchukuo Government Notices Extra, March 1, Tatung 2 (1933)
2. ^ Chinese wikipedia
3. ^ http://david.national-anthems.net/mch.htm david.national-anthems.net
4. ^ Page 1, Manchukuo Government Notices No. 2493, September 5, Kangde 9 (1942). Reprinted 1990 by Shenliao Publishing House, Shenyang.
5. ^ Page 3, Annex, Manchukuo Government Notices No. 2493, September 5, Kangde 9 (1942). Reprinted 1990 by Shenliao Publishing House, Shenyang.
6. ^ The Prime Minister Talks About the Composition of the National Anthem, Page 3, Annex, Manchukuo Government Notices No. 2493, September 5, Kangde 9 (1942). Reprinted 1990 by Shenliao Publishing House, Shenyang.
7. ^ Explanation of the National Anthem, Head of the Propaganda Office of Manchukuo, Page 3, Annex, Manchukuo Government Notices No.2493, September 5, Kangde 9(1942). Reprinted 1990 by Shenliao Publishing House, Shenyang.
8. ^ Explanation of the National Anthem, Head of the Propaganda Office of Manchukuo, Page 3, Annex, Manchukuo Government Notices No.2493, September 5, Kangde 9(1942). Reprinted 1990 by Shenliao Publishing House, Shenyang.
9. ^ Explanation of the National Anthem, Head of the Propaganda Office of Manchukuo, Page 4, Annex, Manchukuo Government Notices No.2493, September 5, Kangde 9(1942). Reprinted 1990 by Shenliao Publishing House, Shenyang.

External links

• National anthem of manchukuo with music and lyrics