Former United States special operations units

Former United States special operations units are disbanded or otherwise inactive unconventional warfare units of the United States military. Most units were created to fulfill specific duties within a particular conflict, and were disbanded once that conflict ended. All branches of the United States armed forces – the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force have fielded special operations units. For existing special operations units, see United States Special Operations Forces.

=The Civil War=

* Jessie Scouts, Union Army scout unit that operated disguised as Confederate States Army soldiers
* Mosby's Raiders, Confederate guerrilla unit
* Quantrill's Raiders, Confederate bushwhacker force

World War II

* 1st Special Service Force "Devil's Brigade", joint U.S. and Canadian unit
* 5307th Composite Unit (provisional) "Merrill's Marauders"
* Ranger Battalions
* Alamo Scouts
* Alaskan Scouts
* Marine Raiders
* Paramarines
* Marine Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion
* Naval Scouts and Raiders
* Navy Combat Demolition Units (NCDU) and Underwater Demolitions Teams (UDT)
* 1st Air Commando Group
* Office of Strategic Services, whose functions included the arming, training and supplying of resistance movements; the use of propaganda, espionage, and subversion; and conducting post-war planning.

Korean War

* Airborne Ranger Companies (Korean War)
* Joint Advisory Commission, Korea (JACK) (Korean War), CIA-affiliated covert special operations unit

Vietnam War

* Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols (LRRPs or "Lurps"); Vietnam War-era deep reconnaissance and raider units
* Mike Force Mobile Strike Force Command; Corps I, II, III, IV
* Tiger Force (Vietnam War); reconnaissance commando (recondo) platoon in the 1/327th Infantry
* Project "Leaping Lena" (Vietnam War); recondo course for South Vietnamese teams, trained by U.S. Special Forces
* Project Delta (Vietnam War); Special Forces long-range reconnaissance unit; precursor to MACV-SOG
* Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG), a joint covert Vietnam War-era task force composed of 2,000 American soldiers and over 8,000 indigenous mercenaries
* Project Sigma and Project Omega (Vietnam War), MACV-SOG recon units that operated in Cambodia
* Phoenix Program; joint CIA and US military project based around the identification and elimination of the civilian supporters of the Viet Cong.
* Project 404/Palace dog was a USAF program that supplied support personnel in civilian clothing to the Royal Laotian Air Force. Long range goal was production of a self-sufficient RLAF.
* Raven FACs were USAF pilots in civilian clothing assigned to support the Royal Laotian Air Force by directing air strikes from small aircraft.

Other

* 6th Special Forces Group (1963-1971), 8th Special Forces Group (1963-1972), 11th Special Forces Group (1961-1994) and 12th Special Forces Group (1961-1994) (disbanded Army Special Forces Groups)
* "Blue light", a counter-terrorist unit created among the 5th Special Forces Group in the late 1970s
* Task Force Bayonet, a Joint Task Force specialised in Foreign Internal Defense (FID) duties for Latin American countries; mainly composed of Special Forces, but also included United States Navy SEALs, Delta Force and Intelligence Support Activity operators
* US Army Special Operations Division
* SEASPRAY, an aviation unit for military covert operations during the 1980s
* Red Cell, U.S. "Tiger team" active in the 1980s
* Task Force Ranger (Operation Gothic Serpent), joint Army/Navy task force deployed to Somalia between August and October 1993
* Task Force 11 (Operation Enduring Freedom), joint Army/Navy task force created to capture or kill senior al-Qaeda and Taliban leaders in Afghanistan
* Task Force 20, Task Force 121 (Operation Iraqi Freedom), multinational joint task forces created to capture or kill senior leadership of the former Baathist regime in Iraq, including Saddam Hussein; also tasked with capturing or killing the leadership of the Iraqi insurgency as well as senior al-Qaeda operatives in Iraq; Task Force 20 later merged with Task Force 121, and is now believed to be active under the designation Task Force 77.
* Marine Corps Special Operations Command Detachment One (MCSOCOM-Det 1) (Operation Iraqi Freedom), pilot project active from June 19, 2003 to March 10, 2006 to assess the establishment of a permanent U.S. Marine Corps unit under Special Operations Command (SOCOM); replaced by the United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC)

References

* http://209.85.173.104/search?q=cache:6eSBmU6E750J:www.specialoperations.net/Web%2520Docs/Project404History.doc+%22palace+dog+laos%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us&client=firefox-a Accessed 11 October 2008.
* "The Ravens: The Men Who Flew in America's Secret War in Laos". Christopher Robbins. Crown Publishers/Pocket Books, 1987.
* www.ravens.org Accessed 11 October 2008.