Hurricane Ignacio (2003)

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Hurricane Ignacio
Type=hurricane
Year=2003
Basin=EPac
Image location=Hurricane Ignacio 24 aug 2003 1745Z.jpg

Gulf of California on August 24, 2003
Formed=August 22, 2003
Dissipated=August 27, 2003
1-min winds=90
Pressure=970
Da

Inflated=
Fatalities=2 direct
Areas=Baja California Peninsula, Sonora, California
Hurricane season=2003 Pacific hurricane season

Hurricane Ignacio was the latest-forming first hurricane of a Pacific hurricane season since reliable satellite observation began in 1966. The ninth tropical storm of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season, Ignacio developed out of a tropical wave on August 22 a short distance off the coast of Mexico. It was initially predicted to track out to sea and remain a weak tropical storm, though it unexpectedly organized rapidly to attain peak winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) on August 24 while located a short distance southeast of southern Baja California. Land interaction weakened Ignacio to an 80 mph (130 km/h) hurricane by the time it made landfall near La Paz, and it dissipated on August 27 in the central region of the Baja California peninsula.

The hurricane produced heavy rainfall in southern Baja California, killing two rescue works from floodwaters. Resort areas near the coast experienced minor effects, though further inland the damage was more severe. The impact of Ignacio was compounded by flooding from Hurricane Marty a month later, with damage from the two hurricanes totaling about $1 billion (2003 USD, $1.1 billion 2006 USD).

Meteorological history

A tropical wave exited the coast of Africa on August 6. It moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean without development, and entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on August 16 after crossing Central America. Cloudiness and convection gradually increased along the wave axis and organized into a distinct area of disturbed weather on August 20 while located a short distance south of Manzanillo, Mexico.cite web|author=Miles B. Lawrence|year=2003|title=Hurricane Ignacio Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/2003ignacio.shtml] It slowly became better organized as it moved northwestward in an area favorable for continued development.cite web|author=Avila/Molleda|year=2003|title=August 20, 2003 Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-P/2003/Aug/2003082016.ABPZ20] With light vertical wind shear and warm water temperatures, the convection concentrated around a developing low-level circulation,cite web|author=Beven|year=2003|title=Tropical Depression Nine-E Special Discussion One|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep092003.discus.001.shtml] and on August 22 it organized enough for the National Hurricane Center to classify it as Tropical Depression Nine-E while it was located about 115 miles (185 km) west of the Mexico mainland or about 220 miles (345 km) southeast of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula. With an anticyclone located over the southwestern United States and a ridge extending southward into northwestern Mexico, the National Hurricane Center initially predicted the depression to track generally west-northwestward out to sea and reach peak winds of 55 mph (85 km/h).

The tropical depression moved slowly northwestward, with the slow motion persisting for its entire lifetime due to the storm being embedded within the weakness of a mid-level ridge to its north. Shortly after forming, the storm was located in a marginally favorable environment, with westerly wind shear and dry air approaching the depressioncite web|author=Rhome/Lawrence|year=2003|title=Tropical Depression Nine Discussion Four|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep092003.discus.004.shtml] and leaving the center of circulation exposed from the convection. However, the wind shear subsequently decreased,cite web|author=Jarvinen|year=2003|title=Tropical Depression Nine-E Discussion Five|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep092003.discus.005.shtml] and early on August 23 the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Ignacio. The storm quickly organized and developed well-defined banding features and very well-organized upper-level outflow, and by late on the 23rd a warm spot formed in the center of the convection.cite web|author=Franklin|year=2003|title=Tropical Storm Ignacio Special Discussion Seven|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep092003.discus.007.shtml] The warm spot organized into an intermittent eye feature.cite web|author=Lawrence|year=2003|title=Tropical Storm Ignacio Discussion Nine|accessdate=2007-01-17|publisher=NHC|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep092003.discus.009.shtml] Early on August 24, Ignacio attained hurricane status, the latest formation of the first hurricane of a season recorded in the East Pacific since reliable satellite observation began in 1966.cite web|author=Stewart|year=2003|title=Hurricane Ignacio Discussion Ten|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep092003.discus.010.shtml]

Hurricane Ignacio continued to quickly intensify after becoming a hurricane, and reached peak winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) later on August 24 while located within 30 miles (48 km/h) off the coast of Baja California Sur. Upon reaching peak strength, the hurricane possessed a 12 mile (19 km) wide eye surrounded by very deep convection. The National Hurricane Center predicted it to attain major hurricane status and potentially reach significantly higher winds if the center remained over open water.cite web|author=Pasch|year=2003|title=Hurricane Ignacio Discussion Eleven|publisher=NHC|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/dis/ep092003.discus.011.shtml] However, it turned to the northwest and paralleled the Baja California Peninsula a short distance offshore, resulting in a steady weakening trend due to its interaction with the high terrain. On August 25 Ignacio made landfall just east of La Paz with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). It rapidly weakened over land, first deteriorating to a tropical storm 12 hours after landfall and later to a tropical depression about a day after moving ashore. Ignacio continued northwestward across the peninsula, and dissipated on August 28 while located in northwestern Baja California Sur.

Preparations

Coinciding with the issuance of the first advisory on Ignacio, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch from Santa Fe to La Paz, with the watch upgraded to a warning nine hours later. The warning was extended on both coasts from Bahia Magdalena to San Evaristo the next day. About 48 hours before Ignacio made landfall, a hurricane warning was issued from Santa Fe to La Paz, and 21 hours later extended to Bahia Magdalena and San Evaristo. The government of Mexico also issued a tropical storm warning for the mainland from Atlana to Topolobampo in the state of Sinaloa.

The Civil Protection agency for the state of Baja California Sur ordered for the evacuation for 10,000 residents in flood-prone areas near La Paz. Officials also moved 700 people in areas near rivers to shelters in Los Cabos.cite news|author=Greg Brosnan|date=2003-08-26|title=Hurricane Ignacio Threatens Mexico's Baja Coast |publisher=PlanetArk|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.planetark.com/avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=21993] 32 emergency shelters were set up in and around La Paz.cite news|author=Agence French-Presse|date=2003-08-25|title=Hurricane Ignacio forces 10,000 to take shelter|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/OCHA-64DD6Z?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ACOS-635P5A] Residents near the coast placed sandbags to protect their houses from potential flooding, and also stocked up on hurricane supplies. Police authorities were stationed in areas around Los Cabos to guard against price gouging.cite web|author=Mark Stevenson|date=2003-08-24|title=Hurricane Ignacio Sweeps Baja California|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.loscabosguide.com/hurricane/ignacio.htm] Officials closed many schools and businesses throughout the area, and also shut down the area's primary airport in La Paz. About 500 people in Sinaloa were evacuated, as well.Cite web|author=Deutsche Presse Agentur|year=2003|title=Hurricane Ignacio lashing Mexico's Baja California|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/OCHA-64BU2Y?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ACOS-635P5A]

Impact

Prior to developing, the precursor tropical disturbance dropped heavy rainfall and produced gusty winds, primarily from Zihuatanejo in the state of Guerrero to Manzanillo in the state of Colima. The slow motion of Ignacio produced heavy rainfall across the southern portion of the Baja California Peninsula, including a peak 24 hour total of 7.25 inches (184 mm) in Ciudad Constitución.cite web|author=Servicio Meteorologico Nacional|year=2003|title=Huracán "Ignacio" del Océano Pacífico|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2003/pacifico/ignacio/ignacio.html] The National Hurricane Center warned of rainfall totals of up to 20 inches (500 mm) in some localized areas, which did verify in Los Cabos.Cite web|author=CNN|date=2003-08-26|title=Hurricane Ignacio stalls, dumps rain on Baja|accessdate=2007-01-17|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WEATHER/08/25/ignacio/index.html] [David M. Roth. [http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/ignacio2003.html Hurricane Ignacio Rainfall Page.] Retrieved on 2007-07-19.] Ignacio produced strong waves which hit the eastern Baja California coastline. Swells of 10 feet (3 m) in height in La Paz closed the city's small port.

Hurricane force winds blew down trees, signs, and power lines in and around La Paz, while closer to the beach the passage of the hurricane destroyed multiple beach huts.cite web|author=Associated Press|year=2003|title=Ignacio Bombards Mexico|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://index.truman.edu/PDF/2003-2004/August28/Page%206.pdf] Rough surf in the harbor of La Paz sunk one fishing vessel and grounded four others. Efforts by the Mexican Navy prevented an additional vessel and two cruise ships from being grounded. [cite web|author=Baja Insider|year=2003|title=Hurricane Ignacio Hits La Paz|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.bajainsider.com/archive/ignacio/inside-ignacio01.htm] In Cabo San Lucas, effects were minimal, amounting to light winds and rain of less than 2 inches (50 mm).cite web|author=Los Cabos Guide|year=2003|title=Hurricane Ignacio in Cabo San Lucas|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.loscabosguide.com/hurricane/ignacio.htm] The passage of the hurricane left citizens in Todos Santos without power for around 24 hours.cite web|year=2003|title=Todos Santos Hurricanes|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.todossantos-baja.com/todos-santos/hurricanes/todossantos-hurricanes.htm] Heavy rainfall caused severe inland flooding, destroying bridgesCite web|author=ReliefWeb|year=2003|title=IRI Climate Digest-November 2003|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://iri.columbia.edu/climate/cid/Nov2003/impacts.html] and multiple mudslides, some of which blocked roads. Flash flooding in desert inland areas washed out roads, causing the Mexican government to restrict traffic through much of the peninsula for up to a week after the storm. Many roads remained impassable for a month after the hurricane.cite web|author=Adam Wright|year=2003|title=Storm of the Month|publisher=Surfline Wavetraks|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.surfline.com/newsletter/September03.html] The closed roads and the airport in La Paz and southern Baja California left some tourists stranded. The rainfall was welcome in some desert areas, where the moderate precipitation filled reservoirs.cite web|author=Mark Stevenson|year=2003|title=Ignacio fills reservoirs while tourists whine about delays|publisher=Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.cdnn.info/travel/t030827/t030827.html] Two rescue workers died when they were swept away by the floodwaters. Six municipalities in Baja California were declared disaster areas,cite web|author=Government of Mexico|year=2003|title=Emite Segob Declaratoria de Emergencia para dos municipios más de Baja California Sur|language=Spanish|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/OCHA-64D7X6?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ACOS-635P5A] and by four days after landfall, the Mexican government prepared emergency funds to meet the immediate needs of the affected citizens.cite web|author=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|year=2003|title=Mexico - Hurricane Ignacio OCHA Situation Report No. 2|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/OCHA-64C989?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=ACOS-635P5A]

Heavy rainfall was also reported in Sinaloa on the Mexican mainland. The remnants of Ignacio produced thunderstorm activity in high terrain areas of central interior California. Over 300 lightning strikes from the remnant moisture was recorded in a one-hour period. The lightning caused 14 forest fires in Merced County, resulting in a loss of power to over 3,500 customers in and around the Atwater area.cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|year=2003|title=Event Report for California|accessdate=2007-01-18|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~493597]

Just a month after Ignacio, Hurricane Marty passed through the area, causing additional damage to areas hit by Ignacio. The combined damage from the two hurricanes totaled about $1 billion (2003 USD, $1.1 billion 2006 USD), and the effects from the two storms left at least 50,000 homeless.

ee also

* List of Pacific hurricanes
* List of Baja California hurricanes

References

External links

* [http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/2003/IGNACIO/track.dat Hurricane Ignacio 2003 Best Track Data]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2003/IGNACIO.shtml NHC Advisory Archive]