Centers for Disease Control and Prevention timeline

The following is a timeline of events relating to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

1940s

*1946 - The Communicable Disease Center is organized in Atlanta, Georgia on July 1.
*1947 - In San Francisco, CDC took over the Public Health Service Plague Laboratory, thus acquiring an Epidemiology Division.
*1948 - CDC gained worldwide recognition for the quality and quantity of its contributions to the taxonomy of the "Enterobacteriaceae".
*1949 - As a result of the Cold War, CDC initiated programs to fight biological warfare, "an exotic new threat to health."

1950s

*1950 - Fifteen CDC staffers conducted the first investigation of an epidemic of polio in Paulding County, Ohio.
*1951 - The Epidemic Intelligence Service was established to help protect against biological warfare and manmade epidemics.
*1952 - Surgeon General Dr. Leonard A. Scheele reported that the Communicable Disease Center was ready to combat possible biological warfare.
*1953 - CDC reported first case of rabies in a bat.
*1954 - Alexander D. Langmuir, M.D., M.P.H., set up a leptospirosis laboratory in Jacksonville, Florida.
*1955 - CDC established the Polio Surveillance Program.
*1956 - Dr. William Cherry found the first practical use for the fluorescent technique, which was successful in identifying pathogens that might be used in biological warfare.
*1957 - National guidelines for influenza vaccine were developed.
*1958 - A CDC team traveled overseas, for the first time, to Southeast Asia to respond to an epidemic of cholera and smallpox.
*1959 - Dr. Robert Kissling developed the fluorescent antibody test for rabies, first used in a field trial with 100 percent accuracy.

1960s

*1960 - The Tuberculosis Program moved from the Public Health Service to CDC.
*1961 - CDC took over publication of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
*1962 - CDC played a key role in one of the greatest triumphs of public health: the eradication of smallpox.
*1963 - CDC tested the newly developed jet injector vaccine for smallpox.
*1964 - The first Surgeon General's report linking smoking to lung cancer was released. It stated that "cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action."
*1965 - New surveillance systems added to the original National Surveillance Program of 1952 included measles, shigellosis, tetanus, and trichinosis.
*1966 - CDC announced a national measles eradication campaign at the American Public Health Association meeting.
*1967 - The Foreign Quarantine Service, one of the oldest and most prestigious units of the Public Health Service, joined CDC.
*1968 - CDC investigated an unidentified, highly infectious respiratory disease in Pontiac, Michigan, later identified as Legionellosis (also known by its two forms, Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever).
*1969 - CDC constructed a "biocontainment lab" to protect scientists while they work with deadly and infectious pathogens.

1970s

*1970 - The Communicable Disease Center became the Center for Disease Control.
*1971 - The National Center for Health Statistics conducted the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, taking a snapshot of the health status of Americans.
*1972 - Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male was brought to public attention.
*1973 - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report reported that emissions of lead in residential areas constitute a public health threat, contrary to popular assumption at the time.
*1974 - CDC planned a major campaign to reverse the downward trend in the number of Americans immunized.
*1975 - The last victim of variola major smallpox, the more severe form of the disease, was reported.
*1976 - CDC investigated two outbreaks of a previously unknown deadly hemorrhagic fever, later known as Ebola, in Zaire and Sudan.
*1977 - Global eradication of smallpox was achieved.
*1978 - Alcorn County, Mississippi, reported cases of the first outbreak of tuberculosis resistance to previously effective drugs] .
*1979 - First Healthy People report published.

1980s

*1980 - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report published the first report on the newly-recognized toxic shock syndrome, an illness associated with tampon use.
*1981 - The first diagnosis of the fatal disease later known as AIDS was described in the June 5, 1981, issue of MMWR.
*1982 - CDC advised of the possible risk of Reye syndrome associated with the use of aspirin by children with chickenpox and flu-like symptoms.
*1983 - CDC established a Violence Epidemiology Branch to apply public health prevention strategies to child abuse, homicide, and suicide.
*1984 - CDC studied Vietnam veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange during combat and later fathered babies; no increased risk of birth defects was found.
*1985 - With other government organizations, CDC sponsored the first International AIDS Conference, which took place in Atlanta.
*1986 - The Office on Smoking and Health, which targets the nation's primary preventable health problem, became part of CDC.
*1987 - CDC reported that about 7,000 workers die on the job annually; 42 percent of female workers who die on the job are murdered.
*1988 - CDC established the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
*1989 - CDC reported the 100,000th AIDS case in the United States.

1990s

*1990 - For the first time, CDC reported the possible transmission of HIV from a dentist to a patient in Florida during an invasive procedure.
*1991 - A CDC study showed that one in five teen deaths is gun-related, and firearm death rates for male teens exceeded those for all natural causes of death.
*1992 - The National Academy of Sciences reported on a dangerous new phenomenon: the emergence of new and virulent diseases that are resistant to antibiotics.
*1993 - CDC reported that 200,000 Americans had died of AIDS since the epidemic began.
*1994 - CDC published a frank brochure on how condoms reduce the transmission of the AIDS virus.
*1995 - CDC recommended offering HIV testing to all pregnant women.
*1996 - CDC, in partnership with the International Society for Travel Medicine, initiated the GeoSentinel surveillance network to improve travel medicine.
*1997 - CDC participated in the nationally televised White House event of the Presidential Apology for the Tuskegee Study.
*1998 - For the first time since 1981, AIDS was diagnosed in more African-American and Hispanic men than in gay white men.
*1999 - CDC's Laboratory Response Network was established.

2000s

*2000 - CDC identified an outbreak of HIV-related tuberculosis among young transgender people in New York and Boston.
*2001 - CDC learned of the first of the 2001 anthrax attacks; the victim was Robert Stevens, a 63-year-old Florida man. He would be the first in a series of domestic terrorism victims of infection by anthrax sent through the mail.
*2002 - CDC reported that U.S. newborn HIV infections were down 80 percent since 1981.
*2003 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first reported in Asia. CDC provided guidance for surveillance, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and reporting.
*2004 - CDC provided support for laws restricting access to over-the-counter medications used in methamphetamine production in Georgia.
*2005 - Rubella was eliminated in the United States.
*2006 - CDC celebrates its 60th anniversary.