Movses Khorenatsi

Infobox Person


imagesize =175px
caption = Movses Khorenatsi's statue at the Matenadaran in Yerevan.
birth_date = circa 410
death_date = 490s
birth_place = Syunik, Armenia
death_place = Armenia
known_for = "History of Armenia"
occupation = Historian
religion = Chalcedonian Christian¹
footnotes = ¹See Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in "History of Armenia", pp. 13-14.

Movses Khorenatsi ( _hy. Մովսես Խորենացի; Movses of Khoren, also written "Movsēs Xorenac‘i, Movses Khorenats'i"; circa 410 – 490s [hy icon Malkhasyants, Stepan. "Introduction" in Movses Khorenatsi's "History of Armenia, 5th Century" ("Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար"). Gagik Sarkisyan (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, pp. 6, 16. ISBN 5-5400-1192-9.] ) was an Armenian historian and author of "History of Armenia". He is credited with the earliest known historiographical work on the history of Armenia, but was also a poet, or hymn writer, and a grammarian. Although other Armenians, such as Agathangelos, had written histories of of Armenia, Movses' work holds particular significance because it records the old oral traditions in Armenia during its pagan era and, more importantly, traces Armenian history from Movses' day to its origins. For this, he is considered to be the "father of Armenian history" ("patmahayr"), and is sometimes referred to as the "Armenian Herodotus." [Chahin, Mack. "The Kingdom of Armenia: A History". London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2001, p. 181 ISBN 0-7007-1452-9.]

Biography

Early life and education

Movses was believed to have been born in the village of Khorni (also spelled as Khoron) in the Armenian province of Taron sometime in 410. [For this reason, some have also referred to him as Movses of Taron.] However, historians contend that if he was born here, he would have then been known as Movses of Khorneh or Khoron. [Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in "History of Armenia", p. 7.] They instead move the location of his birth from Taron to the Armenian province of Syunik, in the village of Khorena in the region of Harband. [Ibid.] He received his education in Syunik and was later sent to be taught under the auspices of Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet, and Catholicos Sahak Partev. In having considerable difficulty translating the Bible from Greek to Armenian, Mesrop and Sahak felt the need to send Movses and several of their other students to Alexandria, Egypt so that they themselves learn the Greek and Assyrian languages, as well as to learn grammar,oratory, theology and philosophy. [hy icon Sarkisyan, Gagik. "«Մովսես Խորենացի»" (Movses Khorenatsi). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. viii. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1982, pp. 40-41.]

Return to Armenia

The students left Armenia sometime between 432 to 435. After studying in Alexandria for five to six years, Movses and his fellow classmates returned to Armenia, only to find that Mesrop and Sahak had died. Movses expressed his grief in a lamentation at the end of "History of Armenia":

To further complicate their problems, the atmosphere in Persian Armenia that Movses and the other students had returned to was one that was extremely hostile and they were viewed at with contempt by the native population. While later Armenian historians blamed this on an ignorant populace, Persian ideology and policy also lay at fault since its rulers "could not tolerate highly educated young scholars fresh from Greek centers of learning." [Hacikyan, Agop Jack, Gabriel Basmajian, Edward S. Franchuk, and Nourhan Ouzounian. "The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Oral Tradition to the Golden Age, Vol. I". Detroit: Wayne State University, 2000, p. 307. ISBN 0-8143-2815-6.] Given this atmosphere and persecution by the Persians, Movses went into hiding in a village near Vagharshapat and lived in relative seclusion for several decades.

The Catholicos of Armenia Giut (461-471) one day came upon Movses while traveling through the area and, ignorant of his true identity, invited him to supper with several of his students. Movses was initially silent, but after Giut's students encourgaed him to speak, Movses made a marvelous speech at the dinner table. One of the Catholicos' students then identified Movses as a person Giut had been searching for; it was soon understood that Giut was one of Movses' former classmates and friends. [Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in "History of Armenia", p. 15.] Giut embraced Movses and, being either a Chalcedonian Christian or at least tolerant of them, brought his friend back from seclusion and appointed him to be a bishop in Bagrevan.

"History of Armenia"

Serving as a bishop, Movses was approached by Sahak Bagratuni, who, having heard of Movses' reputation, asked him to write a history of the Armenians, especially the biographies of Armenian kings and the origins of the Armenian "nakharar" families. [Ibid., p. 16.] Movses agreed to do so and he finished his book sometime in the time period of 483-485. One of his primary reasons for taking up Sahak Bagratuni's request is given in the first section of "History of Armenia": "For even though we are small and very limited in numbers and have been conquered many times by foreign kingdoms, yet too, many acts of bravery have been performed in our land, worthy of being written and remembered, but which no one has bothered to write down." [Movses Khorenatsi. "History of Armenia", 1.4., pp. 70-71.] Movses lived for several more years, and he died sometime in the late 490s.

Works

Up until the mid-twentieth century, many scholars doubted that Movses wrote the work in the fifth century and moved him and "History" to the seventh to ninth centuries. [Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in "History of Armenia", pp. 3-5.] Although these views have now been reversed and "much of this criticism has been rejected," [Hacikyan et al. "Heritage of Armenian Literature", p. 306.] there are still those who believe that Movses is not the true author of the work and criticize it heavily as a historical source. [See, most notably, Robert W. Thomson's introduction and commentary in his translation of Movses' work "History of the Armenians", Cambridge: Caravan Books, 1978 0-8820-6111-9.]

The following works are also attributed to Movses:
*Treatise on Rhetoric
*Treatise on Geography
*Letter on the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
*Homily on Christ's Transfiguration
*Oration on Hripsime, an Armenian Virgin and Martyr
*Hymns used in Armenian Church Worship
*Commentaries on the Armenian Grammarians
*Explanations of Armenian Church Offices
*Geography ("Ashharatsuyts") - a description of the World with maps (Later Movses' "Geography" was edited and renewed by the 7th century's scientist Anania Shirakatsi and other geographies of Medieval Armenia)

References

External links

*ru icon [http://www.vehi.net/istoriya/armenia/khorenaci/index.html Movses Khorenatsi, "The History of Armenia"]