Heinrich Marschner

Heinrich Marschner, lithograph after a drawing by F. A. Jung, c. 1830.

Heinrich August Marschner (Zittau, 16 August 1795 – Hanover, 16 December 1861), was the most important composer of German Romantic opera between Carl Maria von Weber and Richard Wagner, and is remembered principally for his operas Hans Heiling (1833), Der Vampyr (1828), and Der Templer und die Jüdin (1829). Marschner’s ability to depict supernatural horror by musical means is especially evident in the first two operas as well as in some of his ballads, such as "Die Monduhr" (c. 1839). Next to his operas, his most significant musical contribution is to the Lied, the best of which are comparable with those by Carl Loewe. Marschner also wrote a considerable amount of chamber music, including seven piano trios, as well as unaccompanied male choruses that were very popular in the nineteenth century. While Marschner’s operas strongly influenced Wagner, his chamber music, songs, and his cantata Klänge aus Osten (1842) were admired by Robert Schumann, whose cantata Paradise and the Peri (1843) shows the older composer’s influence. Marschner’s Bagatelles for guitar (1814) have been revived by guitarists, and so have been some of his piano trios. Among his operas, Hans Heiling and especially Der Vampyr have been adapted and revived in recent years with considerable success.

Biography

Marschner was widely regarded as one of the most important composers in Europe from about 1830 until the end of the 19th century. He was a rival of Weber and friend of Beethoven and Mendelssohn. Even today, he is generally acknowledged as the leading composer of German opera between Weber's death and Wagner, producing many fairy or magic operas with thematic material based on folksong, a genre that had been introduced with Weber's Der Freischütz (1821). His last-mounted production was Austin in 1852, after which the rising star of Richard Wagner eclipsed Marschner.

Though he considered himself primarily a composer of opera, he wrote many lieder, seven piano trios, and two piano quartets. These did not escape the notice of Robert Schumann, who praised the piano trios lavishly. Marschner did not just toss off these works as an afterthought but clearly devoted considerable time and effort writing them. He gave the title "Grand Trio" to each of his works for piano, violin and cello, indicative of the importance he attached to them. In these fine works, one finds all of the emotions prevalent in the romantic movement during the mid-19th century.

Selected works

Opera

Main article: List of operas by Marschner

Schauspielmusik (Music to plays)

• Prinz Friedrich von Homburg, Op. 56 (1821)
• Schön Ella (1822)
• Der Goldschmied von Ulm (1856)
• Die Hermannsschlacht

Chamber music

• Piano trio no.1 in A minor, Op. 29
• Piano trio no.2 in G minor, Op. 111
• Piano trio no.3 in F minor, Op. 121
• Piano trio no.4 in D major, Op. 135
• Piano trio no.5 in D minor, Op. 138
• Piano trio no.6 in C minor, Op. 148
• Piano trio no.7 in F major, Op. 167
• Piano quartet no.1 in B-flat major, Op. 36
• Piano quartet no.2 in G major, Op. 158

Solo music

• Douze bagatelles pour la Guitarre, Op. 4

References

• Some of the information on this page appears on the website of Edition Silvertrust but permission has been granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
• Heinrich Marschner Biography; list of operas and singspiels.

• Hughes, Derek (July 1998). "Wie die Hans Heilings: Weber, Marschner, and Thomas Mann’s Doktor Faustus". Cambridge Opera Journal 10 (2): 179–204. doi:10.1017/S0954586700004924. 
• Meyer, Stephen (July 2000). "Marschner's Villains, Monomania, and the Fantasy of Deviance". Cambridge Opera Journal 12 (2): 109–34. doi:10.1017/S0954586700001099. 
• Palmer, Allen Dean: Heinrich August Marschner, 1795–1861. His life and stage works. Ann Arbor 1980
• Weber, Brigitta: Heinrich Marschner. Königlicher Hofkapellmeister in Hannover. Hannover: Niedersächsische Staatstheater 1995. (Prinzenstraße. 5) ISBN 3-931266-01-X
• Von der Lucretia zum Vampyr. Neue Quellen zu Marschner. Dokumente zur Entstehung und Rezeption der Lucretia. Vollständige Edition des Reise-Tagebuchs von 1826 bis 1828. Anmerkungen zu Marschners journalistischem Wirken. Hrsg. und kommentiert von Till Gerrit Waidelich. Tutzing: Schneider 1996. ISBN 3-7952-0837-8
• Heinrich August Marschner. Bericht über das Zittauer Marschner-Symposium. Ein Symposium des Instituts für Kulturelle Infrastruktur Sachsen. Hrsg. von Allmuth Behrendt und Matthias Theodor Vogt. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag 1998. (Kulturelle Infrastruktur. Bd. 5) ISBN 3-931922-22-7
• Reclams Opernführer. Reclam-Verlag 1994, ISBN 3-15-010406-8

External links

• JMucci.com | Biography
• Edition Silvertrust | Piano trio nos. 2 & 7, Opp. 111 & 167 soundbites
• Free scores by Heinrich Marschner at the International Music Score Library Project
• Free scores by Heinrich Marschner in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)

Persondata
Name	Marschner, Heinrich
Alternative names
Short description	German composer
Date of birth	16 August 1795
Place of birth	Zittau
Date of death	16 December 1861
Place of death	Hanover