Battle of Sarimbun Beach

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict= Battle of Sarimbun Beach


caption= The positions of Allied forces in the Sarimbun area of Singapore, at 10pm on February 8, 1942. The arrows indicate attacks by Japanese forces.
partof= the Battle of Singapore, Pacific War
date= February 8–9 1942
place= Sarimbun, Singapore, Straits Settlements
result= Japanese victory
combatant1= flagicon|Australia Australian 22nd Bde
flagicon|India|British Jind Infantry Bn
flagicon|Straits Settlements Dalforce (one company)
combatant2= flagicon|Japan|alt Japanese 5th Div.
flagicon|Japan|alt Japanese 18th Div.
commander1= flagicon|Australia Harold Taylor

commander2= flagicon|Japan|alt Renya Mutaguchi
flagicon|Japan|alt Takuro Matsui
strength1= ~3,000
strength2= ~10,000
casualties1= Unknown
casualties2= Unknown|

The Battle of Sarimbun Beach was the first stage of the Japanese assault on Singapore in February 1942, during World War II. Sarimbun, in the west of Singapore Island, was the area in which Japanese troops, under the overall direction of Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita, first attacked Allied forces. The commander of Allied forces in Singapore, Lt Gen. Arthur Percival, did not expect the Japanese to make their main attack in the west, and failed to reinforce the Australian 22nd Brigade, which took the brunt of the assault. The main Japanese objective to the immediate rear of Sarimbun was Tengah Airfield.

Background

In the lead up to the invasion, Percival gave Major-General Gordon Bennett's two brigades, from the Australian 8th Division, responsibility for the north-western sector of the island, which including the prime invasion points. The terrain was primarily mangrove swamp and tropical forest, broken up by rivers and creeks. Brigadier Harold Taylor's 22nd Infantry Brigade, augmented by most of the Australian 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion, was assigned a 10 mile (16 kilometre) wide sector centred on Sarimbun Beach. The Jind Infantry Battalion of the Indian States Forces, which was guarding Tengah, and a company from Dalforce, a guerilla militia recruited from Chinese Singaporeans. The 27th Infantry Brigade was assigned an adjoining 4,000 yard (3,650 metre) wide zone to the north, adjoining the causeway. The Austraian 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion was distributed among the infantry units.

Battle

At 8.30pm on February 8, Australian machine gunners opened fire on vessels carrying a first wave of 4,000 troops from the 5th and 18th Divisions towards Singapore island. The Japanese assaulted Sarimbun Beach, which was held by the 22nd Brigade.

Fierce fighting raged all day but eventually the increasing Japanese numbers — as well as their superiority in artillery, planes and military intelligence — began to take their toll. The Japanese exploited gaps in the thinly-spread Allied lines such as rivers and creeks. By midnight, the two Australian brigades had lost communications with each other and the 22nd Brigade was forced to retreat. At 1am, further Japanese troops were landed and the last Australian reserves went in.

Towards dawn on February 9, some elements of the 22nd Brigade had been overrun or surrounded, and the 2/18th Australian Infantry Battalion, in the centre, had lost more than half of its personnel. The 2/20th Australian Infantry Battalion, on the right flank was also heavily committed. At the same time, the 2/19th Australian Infantry Battalion, on the left, was being outflanked, and only "B" Company faced the initial landings by the Japanese.

Percival maintained a belief that further landings would occur in the northeast and did not agree to reinforce the 22nd Brigade until Tengah Airfield itself was threatened. However, before limited British and Indian infantry reinforcements arrived, the badly-battered Australian and Singaporean units, along with the Jinds, had retreated to take up positions on the "Jurong Line", stretching south from the village of Bulim. Tengah Airfield was taken by the Japanese at around midday on February 9.

Aftermath

Shortly after dark on February 9, three British Fairmile motor launches were sent on a raid up the western channel of the Johore Strait, adjoining Sarimbun Beach. Their objective was to attack Japanese landing craft and communications. They came under fire from enemy forces on both shores, but pressed on almost as far as the Causeway. A few Japanese landing craft were sunk before the launches returned back down the channel, reaching Singapore safely and suffering minimal damage. Some Allied soldiers saw this as an example of effective defensive tactics that were used too little and/or too late by their senior commanders.

See also

* Battle of Malaya

References

*Lionel Wigmore, 1957, "Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Volume IV — The Japanese Thrust", (1st ed.; Australian War Memorial: Canberra).
* Frank Owen, 2001, "The Fall of Singapore", Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-139133-2

External links

*Wigmore, 1957, "Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Volume IV — The Japanese Thrust", [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/20/chapters/15.pdf "Chapter 15 — Defence of Western Area"] (1st ed.; Australian War Memorial, Canberra)
* [http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/world_war2/v08n02_history.html Germaine Foo-Tan, 2004, "1942 — Sarimbun Beach Battle"] (Singapore Ministry of Defence).