USS War Hawk (AP-168)

USS "War Hawk" (AP-168) was a LaSalle Class transport ship built at the Moore Dry Dock Company in Oakland, California in 1942. LaSalle Class transport had a displacement of almost 14,000 tons and were designed to ferry troops and supplies to and from the war zone during World War II.

The "War Hawk" carried eight LCVP or Higgins Boat type landing craft that were used to move troops to and from the shore (the best place to see LCVPs in action is in the first few minutes of the Steven Spielberg movie "Saving Private Ryan" in which Tom Hanks and his crew are moved from transport to shore during the Normandy D-Day landing in a Higgins Boat) In addition to the LCVPs the War Hawk carried four LCMs that we used to as ’’tank lighters’’ moving heavy equipment to and from the shore.

Commissioning

The [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w3/war_hawk.htm official history] of the "War Hawk" indicates that her keel was laid on 24 December 1942. The hull was completed in a little over three months and she was launched on 3 April 1943. Her sponsor Miss Jeanette Thompson (daughter?) of her first captain, Commander S. H. Thompson.

After launch, the "War Hawk" was fitted out and acquired by the U. S. Navy on 9 March 1944. She was commissioned on the same day and designated AP-168. On 21 April 1944 she left the San Francisco Bay headed for Pearl Harbor, on the island of Oahu.

The Marianas missions

At Pearl Harbor the War Hawk joined the 5th Fleet Amphibious Force and after training, left for her part in Operation Forager, the liberation of the Marianas Islands. At the time of the landing there were about 59,000 Japanese troops stations in the Southern Marianas Islands, in particular on Saipan, Tinian and Guam.

The assault on Marianas was conducted with overwhelming in force. All total there were 198 vessels involved including 110 transports and auxiliary ships and 88 warships. These ships carried and supported a force of 110,000 men.

However, Saipan had been in Japanese control for more than ten years and was heavily fortified. The were approximately 31,000 Japanese troops (including navy), and well entrenched on the island.

The War Hawk arrived at Saipan on 15 June 1944 and landed elements of the 2nd Marine Division on the southwestern shore of the island.

Sometime during the next eight days the War Hawk helped fight off two Japanese air attacks. During this time she also took on eleven seriously wounded Japanese prisoners of war. As was the nature of many Japanese soldiers, the only way they would be taken prisoner was if they could not fight. The extent of their wounds was so great that all eleven died in spite of efforts of the War Hawks medical staff. They were buried at sea.Four days after the landing, the Allies engaged the Japanese Navy in the Philippine Sea and inflicted tremendous damage. This battle prevented the Japanese Navy from resupplying their troops in the Marianas leaving a brutal war of attrition for the Japanese until the commanding general Saito committed suicide and the island was declared liberated on 9 July 1944.

[Editor's Note: This next section is unclear from the War Hawk history and it is not clearly known if the War Hawk was involved in the move from Saipan to Tinian. The history of the battle alludes that the invasion of Tinian began before the 23rd when the War Hawk left for Pearl Harbor.]

As the fighting on Saipan came to a close, some of the War Hawk's sister ships began moving troops from Saipan to Tinian. The War Hawk did not directly participate in the invasion of Tinian. However, several LCVPs enroute to Saipan's beachheads, came with range of what were apparently 20mm explosive shell fire from Tinian which is only a few miles off the coast of Saipan. There were no hits, but lots of spray as the shells hit around the boats.

On 23 June 1994 she headed back to Pearl Harbor where she picked up elements of the Army's 77th Infantry and returned to the Marianas. She landed her troops on Guam on 21 July. She loitered in the area for several more days before returning to Pearl Harbor on 29 June. There she spent a month practicing with new troops from the Army's 96th Infantry Division before leaving again for the South Pacific Theater.

En route, she was diverted from the canceled invasion of Yap to take part in the invasion of the Philippines.

Leyte

During the latter part of 1944 and early 1945, the "War Hawk" participated in the operations to liberate the Philippines. She left Pearl Harbor carrying elements of the Army's 96th Infantry Division and headed for Yap Island, in the Carolines. En route, she changed heading for Eniwetok as the invasion of Yap was canceled. After leaving Eniwetok, she sailed for Manus. She headed to the Philippines on 14 October 1944 to take part in the invasion of Leyte.

Leyte was heavily defended by 20,000 Japanese troops. The Japanese Army had decided that it was best to fortify the Philippines to prevent the Allies from moving north through them to the Japanese homeland. In total there were about 432,000 troops on the various Philippine Islands. There were also between 100 and 120 operations Japanese air bases that would be used to provide air attacks during any amphibious invasion.

The approach to the landing was from the southwest through the Leyte Gulf. The beaches were between the cities of Tacloban and Dulag on the northeast side of the island.

All total, the Leyte invasion was the largest invasion mounted in the Pacific to date. There were a combined total of 701 ships of which 157 were warships. The transports put six Army divisions and one battalion of Rangers onto Leyte in just a few days.

It was during this phase of the war that General Douglas MacArthur waded ashore at Red Beach and issued his famous "I have returned" speech to the people of the Philippines. Carl Mydans, a photographer for Time Life, took the famous photograph of MacArthur wading ashore on Red Beach on 9 January, 1945. The "War Hawk" landed her troops not far away at Green Beach.

In the evening of 21 October, 1944, the "War Hawk" was maneuvering through the Gulf and rammed the battleship USS|Tennessee|BB-43 near the stern. The Tennessee was laying dead in the water and generating smoke to protect the ships from air attack. No one was hurt on either ship. The damage to Tennessee was light but the War Hawk sustained moderate damage near the bow.

One of the more interesting pieces of cargo that the War Hawk landed at Leyte was a Piper Cub artillery spotting airplane. It left Pearl Harbor loaded on to the deck of the "War Hawk" (with its wings removed) and was put ashore by an LCM. Before the airplane could be assembled, a Japanese mortar round knocked a palm tree over onto the plane.

After the initial invasion of Leyte, she sailed back to Dutch New Guinea where she picked up a field hospital unit and returned to Leyte. The "War Hawk" returned to New Britain and picked up troops from the Army's 40th Infantry Division and returned to Luzon.

Luzon

The next step in the liberation of the Philippines was the invasion of the island of Luzon, the island on which the capitol Manila resides. The invasion of Luzon began in the Lingayen Gulf on the western side of the island on 9 January 1945. In just a few days, the War Hawk and her sister ships had landed almost 175,000 troops, mostly made up of the 6th Army. These troops began a push east, north and south towards Manila.

Initially, beach resistance was light and with a low surf, the War Hawk was able to put her troops and supplies almost directly onto the beach. There was some fire from Japanese gun emplacements. These emplacements were often made of layers of coconut logs which, being very spongy, were very resistant to everything but the large caliber weapons.

All that was about to change for the "War Hawk" and her crew as can be read in Captain Thompson's official Action Report filed nine days later.

Lingayen Gulf

At 04:10 hours on the morning of 10 January 1945, the "War Hawk" was anchored in Lingayen Gulf where she was attacked in the dark by a Shinyo or Japanese suicide boat. These boats were small motorboats laden with up to two tons of explosives in the bow. Lookouts reported hearing an approaching boat when the Shinyo rammed the port side of the ship. The explosion blew a 25 foot hole in hold number three killing 61 men. [Editor's Note: Commander Thompson's official Action Report filed on 18 January 1945 states that 23 people were missing and unaccounted for 20 minutes after the explosion. He does not give details on the wounded.]

The damage to the ship was extensive including flooding in the engine room which knocked out power. With the ship dead in the water, the crew struggled to keep her afloat, restore power and fight off continuing Japanese air attacks throughout the day. That same day two Landing Craft, Infantry (LCI-365 and LCI-974) were sunk in the same area by Shinyo boats.

By 11 January, the hole had been buttressed and partial power had been restored and the "War Hawk" began a long slow journey back to Leyte Gulf. Two days later, 13 January, the gun crews downed a Kamikaze plane splattering the bow with flaming debris. Once in Leyte Gulf, further, more permanent, repairs were made to the ship enabling her to sail to Manus in the Admiralty Islands for further dry dock work. She set sail for the San Francisco Bay on 22 February 1945. [Editor's Note: It is remarkable how similar this incident was to the attack, fifty-five years later on the ((USS|Cole|DDG-67|6 in the Port of Aden, Yemen, on 12 October, 2000. Both ships were hit by suicide boats, midships, on the port-side while lying at berth]

Eventual link and caption to Lingayen Gulf Map

This map shows the approximate position of the War Hawk on the morning of 9 January, 1945 during the Shinyo suicide boat attack. The official position was reported as 16° 20' N by 120° 10' E. The position on the map was interpolated and should be considered approximate.

Lingayen Gulf is a fairly large gulf about midway on the west side of Luzon Island and located about 120 miles north northwest of Manila. It is approximately fifty miles by fifty miles in size. It opens to the northwest into the South China Sea.

The cities of Lingayen, Dagupan and San Fabian were directly in the invasion route. The city of San Fernando was also in the invasion route but is not show on this map.

[Editor's Note: The "War Hawk"'s actual position has not been verified with other historical information. For instance, the 18 January Action Report specifies that the "War Hawk" was ‘’Anchored in Berth 9, Transport Area 3, Lingayen Gulf, P. I.’’. A formal search for these historic records have not been performed at the time of this writing.]

The end of World War II

The "War Hawk" was repaired at an unknown dock facility in San Francisco Bay and set sail for San Diego on 29 May 1945. There she picked up troops from an unspecified division and returned to Guam in the Marianas. She made one more trip back to San Francisco for load of Naval replacements and headed for Eniwetok, Ulithi and Leyte Gulf. While in route, she received word that the United States had dropped two atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Japanese had agreed to an unconditional surrender.

Decommissioning and after life

The "War Hawk" was decommissioned on 12 August 1946 in Seattle, Washington. She became the property of the Maritime Commission on 13 August after sailing to Olympia Washington and was eventually removed from the Navy List 8 October 1946.

The next record of her travels was provided by Robert Ray Hunsucker who sailed on the "War Hawk" sometime between 1948 and 1952 [Editor's note: This information was just recently provided by Mr. Hunsucker's grandnephew, Ben. More detail on this "War Hawk" sighting to come...]

The Waterman Steamship Corporation of Mobile Alabama purchased her and operated her until 1964 as a freighter. It is during this time (1952) that a photograph of her was taken in New York harbor by the family of Mrs. Bulowski. You can clearly see the ‘‘W’‘ logo of the Waterman Company on her funnel.

[Editor's Note: The acquisition of the Waterman Steamship Corporation is possibly the first Leveraged Buyout in history.]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveraged_buyout

After her service with Waterman, the "War Hawk" was sold to the Ocean Transport Company of New York, NY and renamed Ocean Dinng. She operated with under Ocean Clippers, Inc., until 1966 when she was sold again, renamed to Overseas Dinng, by her last owner of record, the Overseas Carrier Corporation. The last record of the "War Hawk" has her as being dropped from the American Shipping Board Register in 1970.

External links

* [http://www.coltoncompany.com/shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/moore.htm Record of WWII Shipbuilding at Moore Dry Dock Co.]

ee also

* [http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w3/war_hawk.htm Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]